Analisis Struktur Anatomi dan Mutu Serat Kayu Mangium dari Tiga Generasi yang Berbeda

Abstract

Struktur anatomi dan mutu serat kayu mangium (Acacia mangium) dari tiga generasi (F0, F1 dan F2) hasil kegiatan pemuliaan pohon perlu diteliti karena kegiatan tersebut sedikit banyak akan mempengaruhi sifat dan karakteristik kayu yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur anatomi dan mutu serat kayu mangium hasil kegiatan pemuliaan antar tiga generasi yang berbeda. Bahan yang digunakan adalah kayu mangium tiga generasi dari tegakan mangium umur 10 tahun hasil kegiatan pemuliaan pohon. Struktur anatomi dianalisis secara makro- dan mikroskopis mengikuti prosedur standar baku, sedangkan kelas mutu seratnya dievaluasi berdasarkan panjang serat dan nilai turunan dimensi serat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur anatomi dan mutu serat kayu mangium yang diteliti secara keseluruhan tidak berbeda antar ketiganya, kecuali dalam hal ukuran dan proporsi beberapa sel penyusunnya. Serat kayu ketiga generasi masuk dalam Kelas Mutu II. Kegiatan pemuliaan pohon mengakibatkan porsi teras dan kekuatan kayu berkurang, kayu menjadi lebih porous, serat semakin panjang namun tebal dindingnya semakin tipis.

The anatomical structure and fiber quality of mangium (Acacia mangium) wood from three generations (F0, F1 and F2) as a result of breeding activities need to be investigated because the treatment applied could affect the characteristics and properties of wood produced. This study aims to examine the anatomical structure and fiber quality of A. mangium wood resulting from tree breeding/tree improvement activities among three different generations. The material used is three generations of mangium wood from a 10-year-old breeding stand. Anatomical structures were analyzed macro- and microscopically following standard procedures, while the fiber quality class was evaluated based on fiber length and fiber dimension derivative values. The results showed that the overall anatomical structure and fiber quality of the studied mangium wood did not differ among the three, except for the size and proportion of some of the constituent cells. Wood fibers from all generations are categorized as Quality Class II. Tree breeding activities result in a reduction in the portion of the heartwood and the strength of the wood. The wood becomes more porous, the fiber becomes longer but the wall thickness becomes thinner.