Klasifikasi Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Mangrove di Pulau Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

Abstract

Berdasarkan data peta mangrove nasional, luas hutan mangrove di Indonesia sekitar 3.361.216 ha (23% dari luas total ekosistem mangrove dunia), tetapi hanya 2,5 juta ha dalam keadaan baik. Pulau Bintan merupakan salah satu wilayah persebaran mangrove di Indonesia yang mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan dan kerapatan mangrove menggunakan citra Landsat 8 (OLI) perekaman tahun 2014 dan 2021. Metode klasifikasi terbimbing maximum likehood untuk menentukan kelas tutupan lahan dan transformasi normalized difference vegetation index untuk menentukan kerapatan tutupan lahan hutan mangrove. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan menghasilkan 11 kelas tutupan lahan dengan nilai kappa accuracy sebesar 98,89%. Pada rentang waktu 2014 sampai 2021, hutan mangrove di landsystem mangrove Pulau Bintan mengalami penurunan (sebesar 453,16 ha). Selain itu, terjadi peningkatan perubahan kelas tutupan lahan yang paling tinggi pada lahan terbangun sebesar 3.836,87 ha dan terjadi penurunan paling tinggi pada kelas pertanian lahan kering sebesar 2.514,95. Luas hutan mangrove pada landsystem mangrove Pulau Bintan mengalami penurunan sebesar 1.137,48 ha (hutan mangrove kerapatan lebat) dan 172,82 ha (hutan mangrove kerapatan sedang) sehingga menyebabkan hutan mangrove kerapatan jarang mengalami penambahan luas sebesar 857,14 ha.

According to The Map of One National Mangrove, Indonesia's mangrove forest area is around 3,361,216 ha million ha (23% of the total area of the world's mangrove ecosystems forest), but only 2.5 million ha in good condition. Bintan Island is one of the areas where the distribution of mangroves in Indonesia has decreased. This study aims to analyze changes in land cover and mangrove density using Landsat 8 (OLI) images recorded in 2014 and 2021. The maximum likelihood guided classification method is used to determine land cover classification and normalized difference vegetation index is used to determine the density of mangrove forest land cover. Land cover classification provides 11 different land cover classes with a kappa accuracy value of 98.89%. In the period from 2014 to 2021, mangrove forest in landsystem mangrove Bintan Island is decreasing around 453.16 ha. In addition, there was an greatest change in land cover class in the built up land class which encompassed 3,836.87 ha, and the lowest change in land cover class in the dry land agricultural class of 2,514.94 ha. There was a decrease in density of dense mangroves by 1,137.48 ha, moderate mangroves by 172.82 ha, and mangroves rarely experienced an increase in area of 857.14 ha.