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| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ghulamahdi, Munif | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Sulistyono, Eko | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Lubis, Iskandar | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Sastro, Yudi | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Yartiwi | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-08T13:59:48Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-08-08T13:59:48Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/123290 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Lahan sawah produktif berkurang dikarenakan alih fungsi lahan menjadi bukan sawah, sementara kebutuhan beras meningkat. Solusi untuk menjawab permasalahan ini adalah pemanfaatan lahan pasang surut. Luas lahan rawa di Indonesia diperkirakan 20,12 juta hektar yang menyebar di pulau Sumatera, Sulawesi, Kalimantan dan Papua. Selama ini pemanfaatan lahan sawah pasang surut belum dilakukan maksimal, sehingga produktivitas padi yang dihasilkan masih relatif rendah (3-4,5 t ha-1). Salah satu penyebab rendahnya hasil padi pada lahan ini adalah senyawa pirit yang terdapat di dalam tanah. Jika senyawa ini teroksidasi atau tereduksi maka dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Ketika pirit teroksidasi pH menjadi menurun dan meningkatkan kelarutan Fe, Al, dan Mn. Jika pirit tereduksi (tergenang diam) maka akan meningkatkan kelarutan zat beracun seperti, Fe2+, H2S, CO2, dan asam organik yang dapat meracuni tanaman padi. Oleh karena itu dalam mengelola lahan pasang surut perlu diperhatikan agar pirit tidak teroksidasi atau tereduksi dalam waktu yang lama. Kunci keberhasilan budidaya tanaman di lahan pasang surut adalah pengelolaan air yang baik dan benar, penggunaan varietas toleran, dan peningkatan kesuburan tanah melalui pemberian amelioran pada tanah. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada penurunan kadar toksisitas Fe tanaman padi terhadap cekaman Fe pada lahan sawah pasang surut dengan pendekatan penelitian dari rumah plastik ke lapangan. Langkah awal yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi substansi humat gambut optimum pada tanaman padi pengujian dilakukan di rumah plastik. Setelah mendapatkan konsentrasi optimum substansi humat kemudian dilanjutkan pengujian di lapangan untuk melihat respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi pada beberapa macam kondisi air dan jenis amelioran pada lahan pasang surut tipe B di musim kemarau. Selain itu untuk melihat mekanisme penurunan Fe akibat penambahan substansi humat gambut pada tanaman padi dengan BJA di lahan pasang surut dilakukan kembali penanaman di rumah plastik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian konsentrasi substansi humat gambut optimum yang diperoleh pada tanaman padi dengan budidaya jenuh air di rumah plastik adalah semakin tinggi konsentrasi substansi humat yang diberikan pada tanaman menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman semakin baik, biomassa tanaman tinggi, kadar hara NPK pada akar dan tajuk tinggi, serapan hara NPK tinggi di akar dan tajuk, penurunan kadar Fe pada akar dan tajuk. Konsentrasi substansi humat 0,12 g/tanaman lebih baik dibanding konsentrasi lain (0, 0,04 dan 0,08 g/tanaman). Sedangkan varietas Inpara 4 lebih baik dari IR64. Varietas Inpara 4 merupakan varietas yang toleran terhadap cekaman Fe, hal ini terlihat kemampuan beradaptasi dari cekaman Fe, serta akumulasi Fe pada semua bagian tanaman yaitu di akar maupun tajuk tanaman lebih baik dari varietas IR64. Hasil pengujian di lapangan pertumbuhan dan hasil padi varietas Inpara 4 lebih baik dibanding varietas IR64 dengan sistem budidaya BJA dan aplikasi pemberian jenis amelioran substansi humat gambut. Terdapat Interaksi antara pengelolaan air dan pemberian substansi humat yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi jumlah anakan produktif, yang mana tanaman memberi respon terhadap pemberian amelioran substansi humat tergantung dari pengelolaan airnya. Pada BJA diam atau mengalir, dan konvensional mengalir dengan penambahan substansi humat dapat meningkatkan jumlah anakan produktif, sedangkan pada pengelolaan air secara konvensional diam dan diberi substansi humat tidak dapat meningkatkan jumlah anakan produktif. Kombinasi perlakuan yang jumlah anakan produktif tertinggi adalah BJA diam + substansi humat gambut yaitu 27 batang. Selain itu interaksi antara pengelolaan air dan pemberian substansi humat berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot basah dan bobot kering akar, yang artinya tanaman memberi respon terhadap pemberian substansi amelioran substansi humat tergantung pada pengelolaan airnya. Pada BJA diam atau mengalir, dengan penambahan substansi humat dapat meningkatkan bobot basah maupun bobot kering akar tanaman padi, sedangkan pada pengelolaan air secara konvensional diam dan mengalir diberi substansi humat tidak dapat meningkatkan bobot basah dan bobot kering akar. Kombinasi perlakuan yang menghasilkan bobot basah dan bobot kering tertinggi adalah BJA diam + substansi humat gambut yaitu rata-rata bobot basah akar 125,19 g dan bobot kering akar 42,74 g. Interaksi antara pengelolaan air dan pemberian substansi humat signifikan mempengaruhi pH tanah dan kandungan Fe pada tanah saat tanaman umur 4 dan 8 MST, yang artinya tanah memberi respon terhadap pemberian amelioran substansi humat tergantung pada pengelolaan airnya. Semua perlakuan dapat meningkatkan pH tanah, pH tanah awal sebelum dilakukan penelitian 4,5 meningkat menjadi 5,05-5,65 saat umur 4 MST dan 5,0-6,40 saat umur tanaman 8 MST. Interaksi pengelolaan air dengan pemberian amelioran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan kadar Fe dalam tanah, dimana kadar Fe sebelum penelitian 4,76 %, pada umur 4 MST menjadi 0,84 % dan umur 8 MST 0,68 %. Kombinasi perlakuan pH tanahnya tertinggi dan penurunan Fe tertinggi adalah BJA diam + substansi humat gambut. Interaksi antara pengelolaan air dan pemberian substansi humat berpengaruh nyata terhadap produktivitas, artinya respon tanaman terhadap pemberian substansi humat tergantung dari pengelolaan airnya. Pada BJA diam atau mengalir, penambahan substansi humat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas, sedangkan pada pengelolaan air secara konvensional diam dan diberi substansi humat tidak dapat meningkatkan produktivitas. Kombinasi perlakuan yang memberikan produktivitas tertinggi adalah BJA diam + substansi humat gambut. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh belum mencapai potensi hasil, namun sudah mencapai rata-rata hasil dari deskripsi padi yaitu 6,61 t ha-1 GKG. Deskripsi varietas padi bahwa varietas IR64 memiliki potensi hasil 7,6 t ha-1 GKG dan rata-rata hasil 5 t ha-1 GKG sedangkan varietas Inpara 4 memiliki potensi hasil 7,6 t ha-1 GKG, dan rata-rata hasil 4,7 t ha-1 GKG. Selanjutnya untuk mengetahui mekanisme penurunan Fe akibat penambahan substansi humat gambut pada tanaman padi dengan BJA pada lahan pasang surut, penelitian dilakukan kembali di rumah plastik. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa varietas Inpara 4 dengan sistem budidaya BJA dan pemberian substansi humat gambut lebih baik dari IR64 baik dilakukan di lahan maupun di rumah plastik dilihat dari keragaan pertumbuhan, hasil, biomassa tanaman, kandungan hara serta serapan hara N, P, K, dan Fe pada akar dan tajuk. Varietas Inpara 4 menghasilkan Laju Pertumbuhan Tanaman (LPT) dan Laju Asimilasi bersih (LAB) lebih tinggi dibanding varietas IR64 untuk semua preiode pengukuran (vegetatif, primordia, reproduktif). Aplikasi substansi humat terlihat yang diberikan substansi humat LPT dan LAB yang diperoleh lebih tinggi dibanding yang tidak diberi substansi humat untuk semua stadia pengukuran. Produksi etilen di akar dipengaruhi oleh adanya cekaman lingkungan tumbuh tanaman yang ditunjukkan dengan sistem budidaya yang dilakukan, dengan sistem budidaya BJA semakin tinggi produksi etilen di akar. Selain itu dipengaruhi juga oleh tingkat toleransi dari masing-masing varietas tanaman terhadap keracunan Fe. Selain dipengaruhi sistem budidaya, dan penggunaan varietas produksi etilen juga dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan terhadap lingkungan tumbuh tanaman. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian substansi humat memiliki produksi etilen lebih tinggi dibanding yang tanpa substansi humat. Peningkatan gas etilen mengakibatkan aktivitas sellulase menjadi meningkat. Akibat dari peningkatan aktivitas sellulase dapat menyebabkan perkembangan ukuran aerenchyma juga meningkat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh faktor perbedaan sistem budidaya, perbedaan varietas dan pemberian amelioran asam humat berbeda nyata terhadap jumlah gas etilen dan ukuran aernchyma pada akar. Perkembangan aerenchyma akar ini berhubungan dengan produksi etilen di akar, karena etilen dapat mendorong perkembangan aerenchyma akar. Hasil penelitian terhadap plak Fe diperoleh bahwa varietas yang peka ditanam dengan sistem budidaya konvensional tanpa diberikan substansi asam humat kadar plak besi pada permukaan akar lebih tinggi dibanding varietas yang toleran ditanam dengan sistem BJA dan diberikan substansi humat. Salah satu strategi tanaman untuk menhindari keracunan Fe adalah oksidasi Fe (iron plaque) pada permukaan akar. Hasil sayatan melintang pada bagian ujung akar menunjukkan bahwa pada semua perlakuan sudah terdeteksi Fe berada di jaringan epidermis dan korteks, kecuali pada perlakuan BJA diam + Inpara 4 + substansi humat hanya di epidermis saja. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan terhadap variabel distribusi Fe pada akar diketahui hampir semua perlakuan yang tidak diberi substansi humat memperlihatkan semakin banyak jaringan akar yang terdeteksi Fe. Distribusi Fe pada jaringan tanaman berbeda pada setiap genotipe, sebagian tanaman mendepositkan Fe pada bagian organel sel tanaman misalnya di vakuola dan apoplas. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa varietas IR64 lebih banyak mengakumulasi ion Fe dalam jaringan akar dibanding dengan varietas Inpara 4. | id |
| dc.description.abstract | Production of paddy fields are decreasing due to land conversion to non-paddy fields, while the need for rice is also increasing. Tidal swamp is a solution to solve this problem. The area of swamps in Indonesia is estimated to be 20,12 million ha spread over the islands of Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and Papua. So far, the utilization of tidal rice fields has not been maximized, so the productivity of rice produced is still relatively low (3-4,5 t ha-1). One of the causes of low rice yields on this land is pyrite compounds contained in the soil. This compound, if oxidized or reduced, can inhibit the growth of rice plants. If pyrite is oxidized, the pH becomes low and increases the solubility of Fe, Al and Mn and if it is reduced (still stagnant) it increases the solubility of toxic substances such as Fe2+, H2S, CO2 and organic acids which can poison the rice plants. Therefore, in management tidal land, it is necessary to pay attention so that pyrite is not oxidized and reduced for a long time. The key to the success of cultivating crops on tidal swamp is proper water management, using tolerant varieties and improving soil fertility by applying ameliorants to the land. This research is focused on the study of reducing levels of Fe and poisoning tolerance in rice plants to Fe stress that occurs in tidal lowland rice fields with a research approach from plastic house to the field. The initial steps taken to obtain the optimum concentration of peat humic substance in the test rice plants were carried out in a plastic house. After obtaining the optimum concentration of humic, further field testing was carried out to observe the response of growth and production of rice plants to various water conditions and types of ameliorants in tidal land type B in the dry season. Furthermore, to see the mechanism of Fe reduction due to the addition of peat humic substance to rice plants with saturated soil culture (SSC) in tidal swamp, then they replanted in plastic houses. Based on the results of research on the optimum concentration of peat humic substances obtained in rice plants with saturated soil culture in plastic houses, the higher the concentration of humic substances given to plants causes better plant growth and yields, high plant biomass, NPK nutrient levels in roots and high canopy, high NPK nutrient uptake in roots and shoots, decreased Fe content in roots and shoots. Humic substances concentration of 0,12 g/plant was better than other concentrations (0, 0.04 and 0.08 g/plant). While the Inpara 4 variety is better than IR64. Inpara 4 variety is a variety that is tolerant to Fe stress, this can be seen from the ability to adapt to Fe stress, as well as the accumulation of Fe in all plant parts, namely in the roots and plant canopy, which is better than the IR64 variety. Field test results showed that the growth and yield of rice variety Inpara 4 was better than that of the IR64 variety with the SSC system and application of peat humic substance ameliorant. There is an interaction between water management and the application of humic substances which significantly affects the number of productive tillers, in which the plants respond to the application of humic substance ameliorants depending on the water management. In SSC still or flowing, and conventionally flowing with the addition of humic substances can increase the number of productive tillers, whereas in conventional still water management and given humic acid substances it cannot increase the number of productive tillers. The treatment combination with the highest number of productive tillers was silent SSC + peat humic substance, namely 27 stems. In addition, the interaction between water management and the application of humic substance significantly affected the wet weight and dry weight of the roots, which means that the plant responds to the application of humic ameliorant substance depending on the water management. In stationary or flowing SSC, the addition of humic substance can increase the wet weight and dry weight of rice plant roots, whereas in conventional still and flowing water management given humic substance cannot increase the wet weight and dry weight of roots. The combination of treatments that produced the highest wet weight and dry weight was SSC still + peat humic substance with an average root wet weight of 125,19 g and root dry weight of 42,74 g. The interaction between water management and the application of humic substances significantly affected soil pH and Fe content in the soil when the plants were 4 and 8 WAP, which means that the soil responds to the application of humic ameliorants substance depending on the water management. All treatments increased soil pH, the initial soil pH before the study was 4.5 increased to 5,05-5,65 at 4 WAP and 5,0-6,40 at 8 WAP. The interaction of water management with the provision of ameliorants had a significant effect on decreasing Fe levels in the soil, where the Fe content before the study was 4,76%, at 4 WAP it became 0,84% and 0,68% at 8 WAP. The treatment combination for the highest soil pH and highest Fe reduction was SSC + peat humic acid. The interaction between water management and the application of humic substances has a significant effect on productivity, meaning that the response of plants to the application of humic substances depends on the management of the water. In still or flowing SSC, the addition of humic substances can increase productivity, whereas conventionally still water management and humic substances cannot increase productivity. The treatment combination that gave the highest productivity was silent SSC + peat humic substance. The research results obtained have not reached the yield potential, but have achieved an average yield from the description of rice, namely 6,61 t ha-1. Description of the rice variety that the IR64 variety has a yield potential of 7,6 t ha-1 and an average yield of 5 t ha-1 while the Inpara 4 variety has a yield potential of 7,6 t ha-1, and an average yield of 4,7 t ha-1. Furthermore, to find out the mechanism of Fe reduction due to the addition of peat humic substances in rice plants with SSC on tidal swamp, the research was carried out again in the plastic house. The results showed that the Inpara 4 variety with the BJA cultivation system and the provision of peat humic substance was better than IR64 both in the field and in the plastic house seen from the performance of growth, yield, plant biomass, nutrient content and nutrient absorption N, P, K, and Fe in roots and shoots. The Inpara 4 variety produced a higher Plant Growth Rate (PGR) and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) than the IR64 variety for all measurement periods (vegetative, primordia, reproductive). The application of humic substance was shown to be given PGR and NAR humic substance which was obtained higher than that which was not given humic substance for all measurement stages. Ethylene production in the roots is affected by environmental stress on plant growth as indicated by the cultivation system used, with the SSC cultivation system the higher the ethylene production in the roots. In addition, it is also influenced by the level of tolerance of each plant variety to Fe poisoning. In addition to being influenced by the cultivation system, and the use of ethylene production varieties, it is also influenced by the treatment of the plant's growing environment. The results showed that the treatment with humic substance had higher ethylene production than the one without humic substance. The increase in ethylene gas resulted in increased cellulase activity. As a result of increased cellulase activity can cause the development of aerenchyma size also increases. The results of this study indicate that the influence of different cultivation systems, varieties and application of humic ameliorant was significantly different on the amount of ethylene gas and the size of the aernchyma in the roots. The development of root aerenchyma is related to the production of ethylene in roots, because ethylene can promote the development of root aerenchyma. The results of research on Fe plaque showed that varieties that were sensitive to cultivation using conventional cultivation systems without being given humic substance had higher levels of iron plaque on the root surface than varieties that were tolerant to being grown using the SSC system and given humic substances. One of the plant strategies to avoid Fe poisoning is the oxidation of Fe (iron plaque) on the root surface. The results of the cross-sectional section of the root tip showed that in all treatments Fe was detected in the epidermis and cortex, except for the silent SSC treatment + Inpara 4 + humic substance only in the epidermis. Based on the results of observations made on the variable distribution of Fe in the roots, it is known that almost all treatments that were not given humic substances showed more and more root tissue detected by Fe. The distribution of Fe in plant tissues differs for each genotype, some plants deposit Fe in plant cell organelles, for example in vacuoles and apoplasts. The results showed that the IR64 variety accumulated more Fe ions in the root tissue than the Inpara 4 variety. | id |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Kementerian Pertanian (Balitbangtan/BSIP) Kemenristekdikti | id |
| dc.language.iso | id | id |
| dc.publisher | IPB (Bogor Agricultural University) | id |
| dc.title | Penurunan Kadar Fe pada Tanaman Padi Melalui Pemberian Substansi Humat dengan Budidaya Jenuh Air di Lahan Sawah Pasang Surut | id |
| dc.title.alternative | Decreasing Fe Levels in Rice Plants Through Application of Substance Humic with Saturated Soil Culture in Tidal Swamp | id |
| dc.type | Dissertation | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | water management | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | ameliorant | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | mechanism | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | Fe poisoning | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | tidal swamp | id |
| Appears in Collections: | DT - Agriculture | |
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| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DISERTASI YARTIWI_watermark.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 2.98 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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