Aktivitas Enzim Diastase dan Efektivitas Antibakteri terhadap Gastroenteritis dari Madu Apis mellifera asal Indonesia

Abstract

Kualitas madu monoflora (Apis mellifera) sebagai antibakteri dapat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas enzim diastase dan metabolit sekunder sumber nektar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas enzim diastase dan efektivitas madu monoflora yang berasal dari lebah Apis mellifera sebagai antibakteri alami terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Salmonella typhi. Metode pengambilan sampel madu monoflora dari sembilan sumber nektar yang berbeda (akasia, kaliandra, rambutan, kayu putih, randu, mangga, kopi robusta 1, kopi robusta 2, dan karet) dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai diastase menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan zona hambat bakteri menggunakan cakram difusi. Analisis multivariatif kadar brix, aktivitas enzim diastase, dan antibakteri menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas enzim diastase tertinggi sebesar 20,00 DN pada madu mangga, rambutan, dan kopi robusta 2, sedangkan terendah sebesar 4,00 DN pada madu kaliandra. Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus tertinggi sebesar 19,47 mm pada madu kopi robusta 2, terhadap E. coli sebesar 27,93 mm pada madu randu, dan terhadap S. typhi sebesar 18,53 mm pada madu kopi robusta 2. Nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) tehadap bakteri yang diuji sebesar 8 µg/mL pada madu akasia, kayu putih, randu, kopi robsuta 1, dan kopi robusta 2. Analisis klasterisasi berdasarkan kadar brix, aktivitas enzim diastase, dan antibakteri yaitu klaster 1 (kaliandra); klaster 2 (akasia, kayu putih, randu, kopi robusta 1); klaster 3 (mangga, rambutan, kopi robusta 2); klaster 4 (karet).

The quality of monoflora honey (Apis mellifera) as an antibacterial can be influenced by the activity of the diastase enzyme and the secondary metabolites of the nectar source. This study aims to compare the activity of the diastase enzyme and the effectiveness of monoflora honey derived from Apis mellifera bees as a natural antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. The sampling method for monoflora honey from nine different nectar sources (acacia, calliandra, rambutan, eucalyptus, randu, mango, robusta coffee 1, robusta coffee 2, and rubber) was carried out by determining the diastase value using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the bacterial inhibition zone using the diffusion disc. Multivariate analysis of brix content, diastase enzyme and antibacterial activity using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the highest diastase enzyme activity was 20.00 DN in mango, rambutan, and robusta coffee 2 honeys, while the lowest was 4.00 DN in calliandra honey. The highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus was 19.47 mm in robusta coffee 2 honey, against E. coli was 27.93 mm in randu honey, and against S. typhi was 18.53 mm in robusta coffee 2 honey. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the tested bacteria were 8 g/mL on acacia honey, eucalyptus, randu, robsuta coffee 1, and robsuta coffee 2. Clusterization analysis was based on brix content, diastase enzyme activity, and antibacterial activity, namely cluster 1 (calliandra); cluster 2 (acacia, eucalyptus, randu, robusta coffee 1); cluster 3 (mango, rambutan, robusta coffee 2); and cluster 4 (rubber).