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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/121365Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | Yuhana, Munti | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Widanarni | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Setiawati, Mia | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Fauzi, Arini Resti | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-07-11T02:06:18Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-07-11T02:06:18Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-07-10 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/121365 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Ikan nila memiliki nilai strategis pada kontribusi perikanan budidaya di Indonesia. Peningkatan jumlah produksi ikan nila didukung oleh pengembangan sistem budidaya secara intensif dengan padat tebar tinggi. Akan tetapi, peningkatan padat tebar menyebabkan masalah terjadinya kompetisi pakan dan oksigen pada ikan yang berdampak pada aspek kesehatan dan kelangsungan hidup terutama kondisi kekebalan tubuh ikan. Kondisi lingkungan yang buruk menimbulkan penyakit Motile Aeromonads Septicaemia (MAS) pada ikan nila yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Penggunaan antibiotik memiliki dampak negatif yang menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah bakteri yang resistan terhadap antibiotik dan menghasilkan bioakumulasi senyawa residu pada inang. Alternatif pencegahan penyakit yang dapat dilakukan diantaranya dengan pemberian imunostimulan berupa tanaman herbal. Aplikasi tanaman herbal bertujuan meningkatkan aktivasi mekanisme pertahanan spesifik atau non spesifik. Salah satu bahan herbal yang dapat digunakan yaitu serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak bawang dayak. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi dosis optimal serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak bawang dayak untuk pencegahan infeksi A. hydrophila pada ikan nila. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan dilakukan sebanyak dua tahap yaitu sebelum (D30) dan pascauji tantang A. hydrophila (DPC). Tahap sebelum uji tantang menggunakan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan kontrol tanpa penambahan bawang dayak, serbuk simplisia 5% (P5), serbuk simplisia 10% (P10), serbuk simplisia 15% (P15), dan ekstrak 0,5% (E05). Tahap pascauji tantang diamati selama tujuh hari menggunakan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu perlakuan kontrol negatif (C-) diinjeksi phospate buffer saline (PBS) sebanyak 0,1 mL, sedangkan kontrol positif (C+), P5, P10, P15, dan E05 diuji tantang A. hydrophila 10⁶ CFU mL⁻¹ sebanyak 0,1 mL. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan nila dengan bobot rata-rata 20,17±0,13 g. Pembuatan pakan uji menggunakan metode repelleting dengan mencampurkan serbuk simplisia maupun ekstrak bawang dayak ke dalam pakan komersial. Pakan uji diberikan selama 30 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan sebanyak tiga kali sehari. Uji in vitro bawang dayak dilakukan dengan ekstraksi bawang dayak menggunakan etanol 96% dengan metode maserasi. Uji antibakteri bawang dayak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan A. hydrophila dengan dosis 2,5, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 mg L⁻¹ dibandingkan kontrol negatif. Hasil uji minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) yaitu pada konsentrasi 2,5 mg L⁻¹. Parameter penelitian yang diukur berupa kinerja pertumbuhan, hematologi, respons imun, histopatologi, ekspresi gen imun, dan resistansi ikan nila pada A. hydrophila sebelum dan pascauji tantang A. hydrophila. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan bawang dayak meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan setelah 30 hari masa pemeliharaan. Pertumbuhan bobot mutlak (PBM) tertinggi pada perlakuan E05 sebesar 14,01±0,16 g dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol 10,76±0,25 g (P<0,05). Nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS) tertinggi pada perlakuan ekstrak E05 sebesar 4,67±0,06% dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol (P<0,05). Rasio konversi pakan (RKP) terendah pada perlakuan P15 sebesar 1,09±0,21 g berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol sebesar 1,76±0,06 (P<0,05). Tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH) ikan nila semua perlakuan selama pemeliharaan sebesar 100,0±0,00%. Suplementasi bawang dayak selama 30 hari mampu meningkatkan parameter hematologi sebelum dan pascauji tantang A. hydrophila. Kadar hematologi dan respons imun berupa total eritrosit, total leukosit, hemoglobin, dan hematokrit, aktivitas respiratory burst, aktivitas fagositik, dan aktivitas lisozim menunjukkan peningkatan kadar hematologi pada perlakuan E05 dan P15 lebih tinggi dari perlakuan lainnya dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol (P<0,05). Histopatologi organ ginjal pascauji tantang A. hydrophila secara kualitatif menunjukkan adanya kerusakan berupa nekrosis, hemoragi, dan vakuolisasi pada area tubulus. Histopatologi organ hati menunjukkan kerusakan berupa nekrosis dan hemoragi pada hepatosit dan pembuluh darah. Analisis histopatologi secara kuantitatif dengan metode skoring pada organ ginjal dan hati menunjukkan perlakuan bawang dayak berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol positif (P<0,05). Perlakuan E05 menunjukkan tingkat kerusakan ringan pada organ ginjal sebesar 24,81±1,14% dibandingkan kontrol positif sebesar 46,06±2,14%, sedangkan kerusakan ringan pada organ hati sebesar 20,07±0,71% dibandingkan kontrol positif sebesar 45,05±0,47%. Ekspresi gen interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) dan tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dari ginjal ikan nila diukur sebelum dan pascauji tantang A. hydrophila. Perlakuan bawang dayak menunjukkan peningkatan regulasi ekspresi gen IL-1β D30 pada perlakuan E05 sebesar 2,29±0,13 dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol sebesar 0,40±0,03 (P<0,05). Tingkat ekspresi gen IL-1β DPC menunjukkan perlakuan P15 sebesar 0,99±0,11 berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol positif sebesar 0,30±0,11 (P<0,05). Peningkatan regulasi ekspresi gen TNF-α D30 pada perlakuan E05 sebesar 3,12±0,24 berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol sebesar 0,85±0,07 (P<0,05). Penurunan regulasi ekspresi gen TNF-α DPC terjadi pada semua perlakuan bawang dayak dan tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol (P>0,05). Resistansi ikan nila terhadap A. hydrophila menunjukkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup perlakuan bawang dayak tidak berbeda nyata, namun hasil tertinggi pada perlakuan P15 sebesar 80,0±5,77% dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan kontrol positif sebesar 36,7±3,33% (P<0,05). Seluruh perlakuan simplisia dan ekstrak bawang dayak mampu meningkatkan respons imun ikan nila sehingga lebih resistan terhadap infeksi A. hydrophila dibandingkan kontrol positif. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa serbuk simplisia 15% dan ekstrak bawang dayak 0,5% diaplikasikan melalui pakan dapat mencegah A. hydrophila pada ikan nila. | id |
| dc.description.abstract | Nile tilapia has a strategic value in the contribution of aquaculture in Indonesia. The development of intensive aquaculture systems with high stocking densities supports the increase in Nile tilapia production. However, the increase in stocking density causes the problem of competition for feed and oxygen in fish, which impacts aspects of health and survival, especially the immune condition of fish. Poor environmental conditions lead to Motile Aeromonads Septicaemia (MAS) disease in Nile tilapia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Antibiotics have a negative impact that causes an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and results in the bioaccumulation of residual compounds in the host. Alternative disease prevention can be done by giving immunostimulants as herbal plants. Applying herbal plants aims to activate specific or non-specific defense mechanisms. One of the herbal ingredients that can be used is simplisia powder and dayak onion extract. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal dose of simplisia powder and dayak onion extract to prevent A. hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) method and was conducted in two stages, the day of pre-challenge (D30) and the day of post-challenge the A. hydrophila (DPC) test. The stage before the challenge test used five treatments and three replicates, namely the control treatment without the addition of dayak onion, 5% simplisia powder (P5), 10% simplisia powder (P10), 15% simplisia powder (P15), and 0,5% extract (E05). The post-challenge stage was observed for seven days using six treatments and three replicates; the negative control treatment (C-) was injected with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as much as 0,1 mL, while the positive control (C+), P5, P10, P15, and E05 were tested against A. hydrophila 10⁶ CFU mL-¹ as much as 0,1 mL. The test animals used were Nile tilapia with an average weight of 20,17±0,13 g. Preparation of test feed using the repelleting method by mixing simplisia powder and dayak onion extract into commercial feed. The test feed was given for 30 days with a frequency of feeding three times daily. In vitro tests of dayak onion were carried out by extracting dayak onion using 96% ethanol by maceration method. The antibacterial test of dayak onion can inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila at doses of 2,5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-¹ compared to the negative control. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test results were at 2,5 mg L-¹. The research parameters measured were growth performance, hematology, immune response, histopathology, immune gene expression, and resistance of Nile tilapia to A. hydrophila pre-challenge and post-challenge the A. hydrophila test. The results showed that dayak onion feeding improved growth performance after 30 rearing days. The highest absolute weight growth (WG) in the E05 treatment was 14,01±0,16 g and significantly different from the control of 10,76±0,25 g (P<0,05). Specific growth rate (SGR) was highest in the E05 extract treatment at 4,67±0,06% and significantly different from the control (P<0,05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the P15 treatment of 1,09±0,21 g was significantly different from the control of 1,76±0,06 (P<0,05). The survival rate (SR) of Nile tilapia in all treatments during maintenance amounted to 100,0±0,00%. Dayak onion supplementation for 30 days improved hematological parameters pre-challenge and post-challenge of the A. hydrophila test. Hematology levels and immune response in the form of total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity, and lysozyme activity showed an increase in hematology levels in the E05 and P15 treatments higher than the other treatments and significantly different from the control (P<0,05). After the A. hydrophila challenge, histopathology of kidney organs qualitatively showed damage in necrosis, hemorrhage, and vacuolization in the tubule area. Histopathology of the liver showed damage in the form of necrosis and hemorrhage in hepatocytes and blood vessels. Quantitative histopathology analysis with the scoring method in the kidney and liver organs showed that the dayak onion treatment differed significantly from the positive control (P<0,05). The E05 treatment showed a mild level of damage to the kidney organ of 24,81±1,14% compared to the positive control of 46,06±2,14%, while mild damage to the liver organ of 20,07±0,71% compared to the positive control of 45,05±0,47%. Gene expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) from Nile tilapia kidney was measured pre-challenge and post-challenge A. hydrophila test. Dayak onion treatment showed an upregulation of IL-1β D30 gene expression in the E05 treatment by 2,29±0,13 and significantly different from the control by 0,40±0,03 (P<0.05). IL-1β DPC gene expression level showed P15 treatment of 0,99±0,11 significantly different from the positive control of 0,30±0,11 (P<0,05). The upregulation of TNF-α D30 gene expression in the E05 treatment of 3,12±0,24 was significantly different from the control of 0,85±0,07 (P<0,05). TNF-α DPC gene expression was downregulated in all dayak onion treatments and was not significantly different from the control (P>0,05). Nile tilapia resistance to A. hydrophila showed that the survival rate of dayak onion treatment was not significantly different, which the highest result in the P15 treatment of 80,0±5,77% and significantly different from the positive control of 36,7±3,33% (P<0,05). All simplisia treatments and dayak onion extract increased the immune response of Nile tilapia so that it was more resistant to A. hydrophila infection than the positive control. Overall, it can be concluded that 15% simplisia powder and 0,5% dayak onion extract applied through the feed can prevent A. hydrophila in Nile tilapia. | id |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP) | id |
| dc.language.iso | id | id |
| dc.publisher | IPB University | id |
| dc.title | Efektivitas Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) dalam Pencegahan Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Nila | id |
| dc.type | Thesis | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | Eleutherine bulbosa | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | gene expression | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | immunostimulant | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | immune response | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | Nile tilapia | id |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Fisheries | |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C1501201007_Arini Resti Fauzi.pdf Restricted Access | Fullteks | 11.34 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| Cover.pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 3.8 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| Lampiran.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 3.22 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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