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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/120617| Title: | Hubungan Unsur Hara N dan P dengan Potensi Kemunculan Fitoplankton Berbahaya pada Lokasi Budidaya Perikanan di Perairan Padang Cermin Teluk Lampung |
| Other Titles: | elationship of N and P with potency of Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) at aquaculture sites in Padang Cermin Lampung Bay |
| Authors: | Adiwilaga, Enan M Pratiwi, Niken TM Hasani, Qadar |
| Issue Date: | 2012 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Fenomena Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) di Teluk Lampung, khususnya di Teluk Hurun, telah diketahui pada tahun 1999 dengan terjadinya ledakan Pyrodinium sp. mencapai 8.9 x 104 sel/l, dan meningkat menjadi 2.3 x 109 sel/l, pada bulan April 2003. Pada Agustus 2005 juga terjadi peningkatan populasi Noctiluca scintilas, hingga mencapai 6,18x105 sel/l. Ledakan fitoplankton tersebut diduga akibat peningkatan masukan unsur hara (N dan P) dari limbah pertambakan, pembenihan (hatchery) dan budidaya ikan dalam karamba jaring apung. Penggunaan pupuk dan pakan tambahan pada kegiatan budidaya perikanan di perairan Padang Cermin Teluk Lampung dapat meningkatkan bahan organik di perairan yang berasal dari sisa pakan atau kotoran organisme yang dibudidayakan. Masukan N dan P ke perairan akan menyebabkan eutrofikasi perairan yang selanjutnya dapat memicu terjadinya ledakan populasi fitoplankton yang berbahaya bagi organisme perairan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kadar nutrient N dan P dengan kemunculan fitoplankton berbahaya, akibat limbah budidaya perikanan yang berbeda pada lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang konsentrasi N dan P di perairan sekitar lokasi budidaya perikanan, serta berbagai fitoplankton berbahaya yang berpotensi muncul (blooming) di Perairan Padang Cermin, sebagai dasar pertimbangan bagi pengelolaan lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan pada empat lokasi yaitu: Teluk Hurun, Pantai Desa Sidodadi, Pantai Ringgung, dan Teluk Cikunyinyi. Pada masing-masing lokasi ditentukan dua stasiun pengamatan. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan secara aktif, ditarik secara vertikal dari dasar perairan ke permukaan. Pencacahan fitoplankton dilakukan dengan bantuan Sedgwick-rafter counting chamber. Selanjutnya dihitung kelimpahan fitoplankton per liter, indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Weinner, dan indeks keseragaman Pielou. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga pendekatan: Analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) untuk menguji perbedaan konsentrasi N dan P antar stasiun penelitian; Canonical Corelation Analysis dan Analisis regresi untuk menggambarkan hubungan parameter lingkungan dengan kemunculan fitoplankton berbahaya pada stasiun penelitian. Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) phenomena in Lampung Bay, has been widely published by the researchers. Some phytoplankton are found predominantly in Lampung Bay are Chaetocerros sp., Ceratium sp., Prorocentrum sp., Pyrodinium sp, and Noctiluca scintilans, which includes the phytoplankton cause of HABs or red tide. Phytoplankton explosion in the Hurun Bay allegedly caused by nutrient inputs from wastewater aquaculture, fish culture in cages, and hatchery, which resulted increasing of nutrients in the waters. This study aims to analyze the relationship appearance of HABs with levels of N and P in the water, at different aquaculture sites. The Research done at Hurun Bay, Sidodadi Bay, Ringgung Bay, and Cikunyinyi Bay. At each location specified two observation stations. Sampling was performed six times, with a span of seven days. Quantitative analysis is done through: Analysis of variance, Corelation Canonical Analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The study found 62 species, which are divided into four classes: Bacillariophyceae (40 species), Chrisophyceae (1 species), Cyanophyceae (3 species), and Dinophyceae (18 species). 24 species of which is indicated as HABs. HABs with a high density are found, such as: Ceratium furca with the highest density of 5.314x106 cells/l, Trichodesmium erithraeum 1.05x105 cells/l and Noctiluca scintilans 5.99x104 cells/l. The highest diversity index (H') encountered in Cikunyinyi 1 and Cikunyinyi 2. The lowest H’ encountered in Cikunyinyi 1 and Sidodadi 1, due to C. furca, N. scintilans and T. erithraeum explosive population. Effect of N and P to the abundance of phytoplankton indicated by an increased tendency of certain nutrients, followed by an increase in total phytoplankton abundance or abundance of one particular species phytoplankton. Relationship is also demonstrated by Canoco Triplot Diagram that indicates a link between certain species of phytoplankton with certain nutrients in certain stations. The results of multiple regression analysis on the 95% confidence intervals as indicated at the Cikunyinyi 1 and Sidodadi 1, PO4-P, NO2-N and pH showed a significant effect (p <0.05) to the HABs. At Sidodadi 1 there was an N. scintilans bloom, and at Cikunyinyi 1 there was C. furca bloom. At Sidodadi 2, the flow velocity indicates p value <0.05, while the NH4-N, NO2-N and NO3-N indicates p <0.1. At Ringgung 1, PO4-P, NO2-N and NO3-N has a value of p <0.05, whereas NH4-N showed the value of p <0.1. Regression correlation coefficient (R2) at all stations showed a high value (0.842 to 0.997). Different aquaculture activities, proven effect on the concentration of N and P in the waters of Padang Cermin, Lampung Bay, which in turn affects the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton. Input of N and P has sparked the emergence of various toxic phytoplankton and potentially harmful to cultured organisms. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/120617 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Fisheries |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012qha.pdf Restricted Access | Fullteks | 18.29 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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