Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/120568
Title: Identifikasi lalat buah dan uji keefektifan ekstrak daun wangi dan selasih sebagai atraktan lalat buah pada tanaman jambu biji dan belimbing di Bogor
Other Titles: Identification of Fruit Fly and Effectiveness of Black Tea Tree and Basil Extract as Fruit Fly Attractans in Guava and Star Fruit Orchards in Bogor.
Authors: Purnama, Hidayat
Maryana, Nina
Kardinan, Agri Kadati
Issue Date: 2014
Publisher: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstract: Lalat buah Bactrocera dorsalis kompleks (Diptera: Tephritidae) merupakan hama utama pada berbagai komoditas hortikultura di berbagai Negara. Lalat buah B. dorsalis kompleks merupakan kelompok lalat buah dari genus Bactrocera yang memiliki karakter morfologi yang hampir sama dengan B. dorsalis (Hendel). Lalat buah B. dorsalis kompleks terdiri dari 54 spesies. Untuk membedakan spesies lalat buah yang termasuk ke dalam B. dorsalis kompleks dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai metode seperti membandingkan karakter morfologi, morfometrik pada organ genital, dan menggunakan sekuen DNA. Metode identifikasi yang menjadi pilihan utama hingga saat ini adalah dengan metode indentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Jambu biji dan belimbing merupakan komoditas buah-buahan yang populer dibudidayakan di Bogor, Jawa Barat. Varietas jambu biji yang populer dibudidayakan adalah Getas Merah dan varietas belimbing yang populer dibudidayakan adalah Dewa. Salah satu faktor pembatas produksi buah jambu biji dan belimbing adalah kehilangan hasil akibat lalat buah B. dorsalis kompleks. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian lalat buah yang efektif, efisien, dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan atraktan berbahan aktif metil eugenol. Lalat buah jantan di alam memanfaatkan metil eugenol sebagai bahan dasar feromon untuk memikat lalat buah betina. Metil eugenol di alam dapat diperoleh dari berbagai tumbuhan di antaranya Melaleuca bracteata (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) atau daun wangi dan Ocimum sp. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) atau selasih. Kendala yang dihadapi petani dalam pengolahan daun wangi dan selasih sebagai bahan dasar metil eugenol adalah teknologi untuk menghasilkan minyak esensial dalam jumlah besar. Rendemen minyak yang dihasilkan kedua tanaman tersebut hanya di bawah 2%, sehingga minyak yang dihasilkan dari proses distilasi hanya sedikit. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan memanfaatkan hasil sampingan dari proses distilasi yaitu air distilasi dan memanfaatkan remasan daun tanaman daun wangi dan selasih. Selain itu dapat juga dilakukan pengenceran minyak esensial daun wangi dan selasih.
Fruit fly of Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the main pest on several horticultural comodities on several countries. B. dorslis complex is a group of fruit flies consisting of 54 species. The grouping is based on morphological characters between one species and another species is almost the same. Methods for the identification of B. dorsalis complex species can be done by several methods, such as comparing the morphological, morphometric in the genital organs, and using of DNA sequences. Identification method based on morphological characters is still become the main option to identify species of B. dorsalis complex. Guava and starfruit is a popular fruits commodity cultivated in Bogor, West Java. Popular guava varieties cultivated in Bogor is Getas Merah and popular varieties of star fruit is Dewa. One of the limiting factors for guava and starfruit production are yield losses due to B. dorsalis complex. Effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly fruit fly control can be done by applying methyl eugenol as a fuit fly attractan. Male fruit fly in the nature using methyl eugenol as a substrate for making pheromon to attract female. Methyl eugenol can be obatined from Melaleuca bracteata (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) or black tea tree and Ocimum sp. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) or basil. To obtain methyl eugenol essential oil from both plants can be done by distillation process. The limiting factors that occured on farmers is the yield of oil product by the two plants is just under 2%. This constraint can be overcome by utilizing distilled water. Distilled water is a side product from the distillation process. In addition, methyl eugenol can be obtained by only squeezing black tea tree and basil leaves. The objectives of this research was determining the species of B. dorsalis complex that present on guava and starfruit orchards, observing the effectiveness of black tea tree and basil extract, and determining minimum methyl eugenol concentration to attract fruit fly. Those objectives could be answered by making essential oil and distilled water from distillation process, and also making mash extract water by mashing part of the black tea tree and basil plant. About 1 ml of essential oils, 4 ml of distilled water, and 15 ml of mash extract water were used as a treatment for black tea tree and basil extract effectiveness assessment. Essential oil from black tea tree were diluted with palm oil in to 10 different concentration (100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, and 0%). All extract of black tea tree and basil effectiviness assesment and minimum methyl eugenol concentrate assessment was dropped on cotton ball inside the trap that made from used plastic mineral water bottle. All of the extraction process were conducted on IMARCI, Bogor, West Java. Fruit fly that caught on trap then identified based on White and Hancock (1997) and Iwahashi (1999a).
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/120568
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

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