Diagnostik Daya Saing Perdagangan dan Determinan Ekspor Komoditas Sayuran Indonesia

Abstract

Komoditas sayuran merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor hortikultura Indonesia memilki tren positif selama lima tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini menganalisis daya saing dan determinan ekspor sayuran Indonesia menggunakan metode Trade Competitiveness Diagnostics (TCD) yang terdiri dari beberapa indikator, di antaranya: Revealed Comparative Symmetric Advantage (RSCA), Trade Balance Index (TBI), Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT), Trade Complementarity Index (TCI), dan Index of Export Market Penetration (IEMP). Determinan ekspor dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi data panel. Hasil analisis TCD menunjukkan sebagian besar sayuran Indonesia belum memilki keunggulan komparatif, indeks penetrasi lemah, dan perdagangan hanya bersifat satu arah. Namun sayuran Indonesia menunjukkan posisi sebagai net-exporter dan memiliki share yang bersifat complementary dengan negara tujuan. Determinan yang berpengaruh terhadap nilai ekspor komoditas sayuran Indonesia di negara tujuan utama adalah harga ekspor, RSCA, dan TBI.

Vegetable commodity is one of Indonesia's horticultural export commodities which has a positive trend over the last five years. This study analyzes the competitiveness and determinants of Indonesian vegetable exports using the Trade Competitiveness Diagnostics (TCD) method which consists of several indicators, including: Revealed Comparative Symmetric Advantage (RSCA), Trade Balance Index (TBI), Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT), Trade Complementarity Index (TCI), and Index of Export Market Penetration (IEMP). Export determinants were analyzed using panel data regression method. The results of the TCD analysis show that most Indonesian vegetables do not yet have a comparative advantage, the penetration index is weak, and trade is only one-way. However, Indonesian vegetables show a position as a net-exporter and have a share that is complementary to the destination country. The determinants that affect the export value of Indonesian vegetable commodities in the main destination countries are export prices, RSCA, and TBI.