Arahan pengembangan kawasan permukiman berkelanjutan di Kawasan Pesisir Kota Makassar

Abstract

Kota Makassar menjadi salah satu pusat perekonomian di Indonesia timur yang besar penduduknya mencapai 1,5 juta pada tahun 2018 sehingga berimplikasi terhadap kebutuhan ruang dan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dari limbah rumah tangga hingga perkembangan permukiman kumuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengidentifikasi kondisi kawasan permukiman saat ini, (2) menentukan kesesuaian dan ketersediaan lahan kawasan permukiman, (3) menetapkan nilai keberlanjutan kawasan permukiman, (4) menyusun arahan pengembangan kawasan permukiman di kawasan pesisir Kota Makassar. Penelitian dilakukan di kawasan pesisir Kota Makassar yang mencakup tiga kecamatan, yaitu Ujung Pandang, Mariso, dan Tamalate. Jenis data yang digunakan sebagai objek penelitan adalah data primer mencakup kuesioner dan data sekunder yakni data peta adminitrasi, peta tematik, dan data yang bersumber dari berbagai instansi seperti BAPPEDA, BPS, Dinas-dinas, dan pemerintah kecamatan setempat. Metode yang digunakan meliputi interpretasi citra terbaru dengan resolusi tinggi, analisis overlay,table matching limiting factor, dan MCE (Multy Criteria Evaluation) dengan bantuan software Arcgis. Status keberlanjutan kawasan permukiman menggunakan metode Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) dengan perangkat lunak Rapfish. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepadatan permukiman di kawasan pesisir Kota Makassar sebagian besar tergolong tinggi seluas 1.264,2 ha. Total luas permukiman kumuh di kawasan pesisir Kota Makassar sebesar 214 ha didominasi kategori berat. Tingginya kepadatan permukiman di pesisir kota Makassar disebabkan posisinya yang dekat dengan pusat kota, pusat ekonomi, dan pusat pariwisata. Kawasan pesisir Kota Makassar memiliki total luas lahan yang sesuai untuk permukiman sebesar 3.116,3 ha, sedangkan ketersediaan lahan pengembangan kawasan permukiman di kawasan pesisir Kota Makassar memiliki luas 483 ha. Hingga memasuki akhir tahun RTRW Kota Makassar berakhir tahun 2035, tiga kecamatan penelitian sudah tidak memiliki lahan untuk pembangunan permukiman. Sebagian besar kawasan pesisir Kota Makassar tergolong berkelanjutan dengan nilai indeks MDS diatas 50, hanya terdapat 2 kelurahan yang tidak berkelanjutan yaitu Kelurahan Laelae dan Kelurahan Bulogading. Faktor ketidakberlanjutan pembangunan permukiman di kedua kelurahan tersebut karena kurangnya perhatian masyarakat atau peduli terhadap lingkungannya dan ketersediaan air bersih yang terbatas. Arahan pengembangan kawasan permukiman di kawasan penelitian memiliki 6 kelas prioritas yaitu prioritas 1,3,4,5,7, dan 8 dengan luas lahan prioritas 1 sebesar 350 ha. Prioritas 1 sangat potensial untuk dijadikan pengembangan kawasan permukiman di pesisir Kota Makassar baik pengembangan permukiman developer, swadaya, maupun pembangunan permukiman vertikal.

Makassar City is one of the economic development center in the eastern part of Indonesia with a population of 1.5 million in 2018 which has implies for space requirements. The impact of the development of settlement area has various problems including environmental pollution from household waste and the development of slums. This study aims (1) to identify the current condition of the settlement area, (2) to determine the suitability and availability of the settlement area, (3) to determine the value of the sustainability of the settlement area (4) to arrange the direction of the development of settlement area in the coastal area of Makassar City. The study was conducted in the coastal area of Makassar City that includes three districts, namely Ujung Pandang, Mariso, and Tamalate. The type of data utilized in the research were primary data including questionnaires as well as secondary data namely administrative map data, thematic maps, and data of various agencies such as BAPPEDA, BPS, local offices, and sub-district governments. The applied method includes the interpretation of the latest high-resolution images, overlay analysis, table matching limiting factor, and MCE (Multy Criteria Evaluation) supported ArcGIS software. The sustainability status of settlement areas applied the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method with Rapfish software. The results showed that the level of settlement density in the coastal area of Makassar City was mostly classified as high with an area of 1,264.2 ha. The total area of slums in the Makassar City coastal area is 214 ha, dominated by the heavy category. The high density of settlements on the coast of Makassar is due to its position close to the city, economic and tourism center. The coastal area of Makassar City has a total land area suitable for settlements of 3,116.3 ha, while the availability of land for developing settlement areas in the Makassar City coastal area has an area of 483 ha. Until reaching the end of the year the Makassar City RTRW, the ends of 2035, three districts have no land for settlement construction. Most of the coastal areas of Makassar City are classified as sustainable with MDS index values above 50, while only 2 unsustainable sub-districs, Laelae and Bulogading. The unsustainable factor in the construction of settlements in the two sub-distric are due to lack of community attention or care for the environment and limited availability of clean water. The direction of development of settlement areas in the study area has 6 priority classes, namely priority 1,3,4,5,7, and 8 with priority area 1 of 350 ha. Priority 1 is the potential utilized as a development area for settlements on the coast of Makassar City, both in the development of developer settlements, self-help development, as well as vertical settlement development.