fenotipe genotipe ayam hutan merah (Gallus galuus gallus) dan ayam kampung (Gallus gallus domesticus) di Watutela dan Ngatabaru Sulawesi Tengah

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan informasi karakteristik fenotipe dan genotipe ayam hutan merah (Gallus gallus gallus) dan ayam kampung (Gallus gallus domesticus) di Watutela dan Ngatabaru Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan, mulai bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2006. Jumlah ayam yang diamati pada pengamatan sifat kuantitatif dan kualitatif sebanyak 54 ekor ayam hutan merah dan 119 ekor ayam kampung. Dua ekor ayam hutan merah digunakan untuk analisis crop. Peubah yang diamati adalah sifat kuantitatif meliputi bobot badan dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan sifat kualitatif meliputi warna bulu, corak bulu, kerlip bulu, warna shank, dan bentuk jengger. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ayam hutan merah jantan, ayam kampung jantan dan betina memiliki keragaman tinggi (>10%) pada bobot badan, sedangkan ayam hutan merah betina pada panjang paha. Analisis Komponen Utama menunjukkan bahwa penciri ukuran tubuh dan bentuk tubuh ayam hutan merah jantan dan ayam kampung jantan adalah panjang total dan panjang bulu ekor. Ayam hutan merah dan ayam kampung betina penciri ukuran tubuh adalah panjang total dan panjang bulu ekor. Penciri bentuk tubuh ayam hutan betina adalah panjang sayap dan panjang paha. sedangkan ayam kampung betina adalah panjang bulu ekor dan panjang sayap. Fenotipe dan genotipe sifat-sifat kualitatif ayam hutan merah di dua lokasi penelitian relatif seragam. Nilai heterozigositas ayam kampung 0,447 di Watutela dan 0,358 di Ngatabaru. Jarak genetik antar ayam hutan merah dan ayam kampung di dua lokasi 0,15. Berdasarkan analisis crop pada dua ekor ayam hutan merah ditemukan biji-bijian dari jenis tanaman ketumbar hutan (Lantana camara L.) dan kayu kuning (Maclura amboinensis L.), serta pucuk-pucuk rumput dan insekta.

The research was aimed to search informations concerning phenotypes and genotypes characteristics of red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) and kampung chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Watutela and Ngatabaru, Central Sulawesi. The research was carried out from March till June 2006. There were 54 red jungle fowls and 119 kampung chickens observed for quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Two red jungle fowls were used for crop analysis. The quantitative characteristics observation were body weight and body measurements. The qualitative characteristics were observed for feather colors, color patterns, feather brightness, shank colors and comb shapes. The results showed significant variation (>10%) on body weight of male Red jungle fowls, male and female of kampung chickens, whereas on female red jungle fowls, significant variation was only observed on leg lengths. The principal component analysis showed the body size and body shape characteristics of male red jungle fowls and kampung chickens were tail and body lengths. Whereas, the body size characteristics of both females were tail and body lengths. In addition, the characteristics of female shapes of red jungle fowls were wing and leg lengths, but the characteristics of female shapes of kampung chicken were tail and wings lengths. The phenotypes and genotypes characteristics of Red jungle fowls were relatively homogenous. The heterozigosity values of kampung chickens were 0,447 in Watutela and 0,358 in Ngatabaru. The genetic distance between Red jungle fowls and kampung chickens in both locations was 0,15. From crop analysis of the two red jungle fowls, seeds of Lantana camara L and Maclura amboinensis L, grass and insects were found.