Kajian optimalisasi usaha penggemukan sapi (Feedlot) melalui manipulasi pakan, pertumbuhan kompensasi dan periode waktu penggemukan

Abstract

Usaha penggemukan sapi (Feedlot) di Indonesia pada dekade 10 tahun terakhir ini menunjukkan perkembangan yang pesat. tetapi d~ika ekonomi mak:ro yang tidak menentu akibat krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan saat ini, telah menimbulkan implikasi terhadap situasi yang tidak menguntungkan bagi usaha penggemukan sapi (Feedlot) schingga salah satu altematif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah mencari suatu model penggemukan sapi yang efisien. sehingga usaha penggemukan sapi dapat memberikan keuntungan yang optimal. Model penggemukan sapi yang dikcmbangkan adalah melalui manipulasi terhadap komponen yang memiliki kontribusi dominan terbadap biaya produksi dan berdampak tcrhadap peningkatan kualitas produk daging. Manipulasi dilakukan terhadap kualitas pakan, p.e-n-c-ra-p-a-n- f-c-n-om--e-na pertumbuhan kompensasi dan penentuan periode waktu pcnggemukan yang efisicn, schingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ( 1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan kualitas pakan (perbedaan kadar protein/energi), pertumbuhan kompensasi dan periode waktu penggemukan (2. 3 dan 4 bulan) terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan. produksi pemotongan (karkas dan daging) dan kualitas daging (2) untuk mencari model penggemukan sapi yang optimal, dengan cara memanipulasi pakan. Pertumbuhan kompensasi dan penentuan periode waktu penggemukan sapi dalam kombinasi perlakuan yang sinergis.

The objectives of the study was to find an optimum production of fattening model through manipulation of feed, compensatory growth and fattening period. One hundred eight young catties (steers) of Australian Commercial Cross (ACC), 2-3 years old were used and 54 heads of catties were slaughtered. Those catties were devided into 3 treated groups. Group I : was treated with different ration of Crude Protein (CP)/Metaboliz.able Energy (ME)= 16,12% /2534 kcal (T); 13,52% /2392 kcal (S) and 11, l 8% /2287 kcal (R) of l kg dry matter ration. Group II : was treated with different condition of steers of thin body I compensatory growth (K) and not thin body/ non compensatory growth (NK). Average Daily Gain (ADG) ofK was more than 0,9 kg/day and NK was less than 0,9 kg/day. Group m : was treated with 3 different fattening time period of 2 months (WP 2); 3 months (WP3) and 4 months (WP4). The study was carried out on November 1997 to September 1998 at P. T. Kariyana Gita Utama f~ Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java. P.T. Sampico Adhi Abbattoir, Tambun Bekasi, Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi, Bogor, Animal Product Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science and Faculty of Agriculture Technology Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Results showed that compensatory growth (K). fucreased Average Daily Gain, Feed efficiency, slaughtered weight, percentage of marbling, and unsaturated fatty acid. Different quality of ration (T, Sand R) did not indicated differences on ~owth performance and slaughtered yields. Time periods of fattening (WP 2, WP 3, WP 4) increased on slaughtered weight, dressing percentage, fat of carcass, percentage of marbling, tenderness of meat and unsaturated fatty acid. Optimum production of feedlot was reached at time period of fattening with compensatory growth and feed formulation was base upon consumption of CP and ME that adjusted to the nutrition requirement and considered to capital sirculation, preference of consumer and market.