Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/119223
Title: Formulasi Sediaan Suplemen Berbasis Minyak Mata Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) dan Astaxanthin Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Trilaksani, Wini
Ramadhan, Wahyu
La Dia, Wa Ode Nur Asma
Issue Date: Jun-2023
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Pemanfaatan by-product mata ikan tuna saat ini sedang dikembangkan mempertimbangkan kandungan asam lemak omega-3 yang tinggi khususnya asam dokosaheksaenoat dan eikosapentanoat, namun, komponen ini memiliki banyak ikatan rangkap sehingga sangat rentan teroksidasi yang menyebabkan tingginya nilai parameter oksidatif terutama bilangan peroksida. Upaya penurunan bilangan peroksida bisa dilakukan dengan memodifikasi tahap ekstraksi yakni dilakukan pemurnian, dan untuk menjaga stabilitas minyak ikan dapat ditambahkan antioksidan. Saat ini preferensi terhadap antioksidan alami lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang sintesis karena mempertimbangkan keamanannya. By-product udang mengandung astaxanthin yang telah banyak dilaporkan sebagai senyawa antioksidan alami yang sangat kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menentukan perlakuan pemurnian terbaik dalam menurunkan parameter oksidasi terutama bilangan peroksida pada minyak mata tuna; (2) menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan astaxanthin by-product udang windu; (3) menentukan konsentrasi penambahan astaxanhin terbaik dalam sediaan formulasi minyak mata tuna. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga tahapan yaitu ekstraksi dan purifikasi minyak mata tuna, ekstraksi dan determinasi astaxanthin dan by-product udang windu, formulasi sediaan suplemen. Tahap satu meliputi determinasi karakteristik dan preparasi mata tuna, ekstraksi minyak mata tuna, dilanjutkan dengan pemurnian menggunakan adsorben magnesol Xl, bentonit, dan zeolit. Penelitian tahap dua meliputi demineralisasi dan ekstraksi astaxanthin by-product udang menggunakan enzim pepsin. Penelitian tahap ketiga meliputi formulasi sediaan minyak mata tuna berdasarkan konsentrasi penambahan astaxanthin by-product udang windu. Analisis data pada tahapan pemurnian dan formulasi menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF) dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil analisis sidik ragam pada penelitian tahap satu menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemurnian dengan berbagai adsorben berpengaruh signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap penurunan parameter oksidasi terutama bilangan peroksida pada minyak mata tuna. Perlakuan terbaik didapatkan pada pemurnian menggunakan magnesol Xl 5%, suhu 50 oC, selama 20 menit dengan penurunan nilai peroksida dari 56,61±6,83 meq/kg menjadi 11,28±0,19 meq/kg atau turun 80%. Tahap kedua menunjukkan astaxanthin yang diperoleh dari by-product udang windu memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 7,90±2,83 µg/mL menggunakan 2,2'-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6sulfonic acid (ABTS). Tahap ketiga menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi astaxanthin berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kestabilan sediaan formulasi selama pengamatan Schaal oven test dimana semakin tinggi konsentrasi astaxanthin, maka semakin lambat proses oksidasi, sedangkan perlakuan tanpa penambahan astaxanthin menunjukkan proses oksidasi yang cepat. Konsentrasi penambahan astaxanthin 0,8% menunjukkan hasil terbaik dalam meningkatkan stabilitas sediaan formulasi minyak mata tuna.
The utilization of tuna eye by-product is currently being developed given the high content of omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, however, these components have many double bonds, making them highly susceptible to oxidation, which causes high values of oxidative parameters, especially peroxide values. Efforts to reduce the peroxide values can be achieved by modifying the extraction stage, namely purification, and improving the stability of fish oil can also be controlled with the addition of antioxidants. Currently, the preference for natural antioxidants is higher than synthetic ones because of their safety considerations. Shrimp by-products contain astaxanthin, which has been extensively reported to exhibit potent natural antioxidant properties. The study aimed to (1) determine the best purification treatment to reduce oxidation parameters, especially the peroxide value in tuna eye oil; (2) analyze the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin by-product from tiger prawns; (3) determine the optimal concentration of astaxanthin added to the formulation of tuna eye oil. This study consisted of three stages: extraction and purification of tuna eye oil, extraction and determination of astaxanthin from tiger prawn by-product, and formulation of supplements. The first stage is the determination of characteristics and preparation of tuna eye, extraction of tuna eye oil, and purification using adsorbents such as magnesol Xl, bentonit, zeolit. The second stage includes demineralization and extraction of astaxanthin by-product of shrimp using the pepsin enzyme. The last stage includes the formulation of tune eye oil based on the concentration of the addition of astaxanthin tiger shrimp by-product. Data analysis at the purification and formulation stages used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) and Completely Randomized Factorial Design (RALF) with analysis of variance and was continued with by the Duncan test. The results of the analysis of variance in the first stage showed that purification treatment using various adsorbents has a significant (p<0.05) effect on reducing of the oxidation parameters, especially the peroxide value in tuna eye oil. The best treatment was obtained with purification using 5% magnesol XL at a temperature of 50 oC, for 20 minutes, with a decrease in the peroxide value from 56.61±6.83 meq/kg to 11.28±0.19 meq/kg or an 80% decrease. The second stage showed that astaxanthin obtained from shrimp by-products of tiger shrimp had very strong antioxidants activity with an IC50 value of 7.90±2.83 µg/mL using 2,2'-azinobis 3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS). The third stage indicated that the concentration of astaxanthin significantly affected the stability of the formulation during Schaal oven test observation. The higher the concentration of astaxanthin,cthe slower the oxidation process, while treatment without astaxanthin showed a fast oxidation process. The addition of 0.8% astaxanthin concentration showed the best result in improving the stability of the formulation of tuna eye oil.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/119223
Appears in Collections:MT - Fisheries

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