Pengaruh amoniasi, hidrolisat bulu ayam, daun singkong, dan campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru terhadap penggunaan pakan pada ruminansia

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluai penggunaan amoniasi urea pada rumput gajah, hidrolisat bulu ayam sebagai sumber asam amino bersulfur, daun singkong sebagai asam amino bercabang, dan penggunaan campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru sebagai modulator pencernaan rumen dan pascarumen. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap dengan Iima perlakuan ransum yang dicobakan, sebagai berikut: A= 40% rumput gajah (RG)+ 60% konsentrat (K), B = 40% amoniasi urea RG + 60% K, C = B + 3% hidrolisat bulu ayam, D = C + 15% daun singkong, dan .E = D + 1.06% campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru. Percobaan pertama menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pada 20 ekor kambing Peranakan Etawah dengan bobot hidup berkisar antara 13 sampai 29 kg. Percobaan kedua mengunakan rancangan bujur sangkar latin 5 x 5 pada sapi perah laktasi. Amoniasi urea rumput gajah dan hidrolisat bulu ayam menurunkan konsumsi bahan kering ransum pada kambing Peranakan Etawah, namun pengaruhnya pada sapi perah tidak berbeda nyata. Hidrolisat bulu ayam meningkatkan (P<0.05) kecernaan bahan organik (71.69 vs 74.35 %) dan produksi susu sapi perah laktasi (12.36 vs 13.47 kg/hari). Daun singkong meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering ransum (329 vs 402 g/hari), retensi N (7.71 vs 9.30 g/hari) dan rata-rata pertambahan bobo hidup harian kambing Peranakan Etawah (68.45 vs 89.29 g/hari). Campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru berkecenderungan meningkatkan rata-rata pertambahan bobot hidup, menurunkan kadar lemak tubuh, dan kadar kolesterol serum darah pada kambing Peranakan Etawah, serta meningkatkan produksi, kandungan lemak, dan beberapa asam lemak rantai panjang pada sapi perah laktasi. Berdasarkan pertimbangan parameter metabolit dan penampilan produksi, ransum E merupakan ransum yang terbaik.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of urea-ammoniation of elephant grass, the use of hydrolysed poultry feather as the source of S-containing amino acids, the use of cassava leaves as the source of branched-chain amino acids, and mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil as a modulator for ruminal and postruminal digestion. The study consisted of two trials with five dietary treatments, i. e. A = 40% elephant grass (EG) + 60% concentrate mix (CM), B = 40% urea-ammoniated EG + 60% CM, C = B + 3% hydrolysed poultry feather (HPF), D = C + 15% cassava leaves, and E = D + 1.06% mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil. In trial 1, 20 Etawah grade goats of 13-20 kg live weight were assigned in a randomized block design. In trial 2, the treatments and the exprimental cows were assigned ini a 5x5 latin square design. Urea-ammoniation and hydrolysed poultry feather decreased dry matter (DM) intake of goats but the effect of inclusion of these component was not observed in lactating dairy cows. OM digestibility (71.69 vs 74.35 %) and milk production of lactating dairy cows were significantly improved (12.36 vs 13.47 kg day°1) by hydrolysed poultry feather (P< 0.05). Cassava leaves increased DM intake (329 vs 402 g. day"1 ), N retention (7.71 vs 9.30 g day"1 ) and average daily gain of goats (68.45 vs 89.29 g day°1). Mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil in Etawah grade goats tended to increase average daily gain, decrease body fat and cholesterol serum. However, milk production, milk fat content, and some long chain fatty acids were significantly affected by the mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil inclusion in the diet of lactacting dairy cows. Based on some metabolic parameters and production performance, E diet was superior and it could be recommended for Etawah grade goats and lactating dairy cows diet.