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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/119166| Title: | Pemanfaatan cacing tanah (Pheretima hupiensis) untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ultisol lahan kering |
| Other Titles: | The Use of Earthworm (Pheretima hupiensis) to Increase Upland Ultisols Productivity |
| Authors: | Anas, Iswandi Djajakirana, Gunawan Adimihardja, Abdurachman Hardjowigeno, Sarwono Subowo |
| Issue Date: | 2002 |
| Publisher: | IPB (Bogor Agricultural University) |
| Abstract: | Produktivitas Ultisol lahan kering dibatasi oleh berat isi tanah yang tinggi, harison argilik dangkal, kandungan bahan organik dan pH yang rendah. Adanya Stivitas cacing tanah mampu menurunkan berat isi tanah, mencampur dan nglindungi bahan organik, menstabilkan makro agregat dan menempatkan hara taman di daerah rizosfir. Sehubungan casting merupakan makro agregat yang stabil dan kandungan hara tanaman tinggi, maka casting berbeda dan lebih baik dibanding tanah di sekitarnya.
Penelitian dilakukan dalam 4 tahap. Tahap I melakukan identifikasi habitat dan populasi cacing tanah di Ultisol lahan kering di Desa Malangsari, Kecamatan Cipanas, Kabupaten Lebak, Propinsi Banten. Tahap II mempelajari pengaruh amelioran untuk habitat cacing tanah Ultisol di rumah cungkup. Tahap III mengevaluasi aktivitas cacing tanah Pheretima hupiensis pada beberapa pemberian amelioran di terarium. Tahap IV meneliti pemanfaatan cacing tanah Pheretima hupiensis untuk meningkatkan hasil kedelai pada Typik Palehumult, halus, kaolinitik, isohipertermik di Desa Malangsari, Kecamatan Cipanas, Kabupaten Lebak, Propinsi Banten. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi populasi dan aktivitas cacing tanah pada 6 jenis penggunaan lahan di Ultisol lahan kering, (2) mempelajari potensi cacing tanah untuk menurunkan kepadatan horison argilik dalam pengelolaan Ultisol, (3) meneliti pemanfaatan cacing tanah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas Ultisol.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi cacing tanah di Ultisol didominasi oleh Pheretima hupiensis. Faktor pembatas utama populasi P. hupiensis pada musim hujan adalah rendahnya kandungan PO-HCI 25% dan tingginya temperatur permukaan tanah pada tengah hari (jam 12.00 siang). Pada musim peralihan dari musim hujan ke musim kemarau faktor utama yang menentukan adalah rendahnya tingkat ketahanan tanah (penetrabilitas) dan nisbah CN bahan organik tanah. Faktor pembatas pada musim kemarau adalah rendahnya ketersediaan air. Inokulasi P. hupiensis (cacing tanah endogaisis) mampu menurunkan berat isi horison argilik dan menyebarkan bahan organik serta pH tanah yang meningkat ke lapisan yang lebih dalam. Pengolahan tanah minimum dengan pemberian bahan organik dan kapur secara vertical merupakan pengelolaan terbaik untuk memperbaiki aktivitas P. hupiensis di horison argilik. Cacing tanah P. hupiensis menurunkan berat isi horison argilik, casting ditempatkan di daerah rizosfir, memperbaiki serapan hara tanaman, sehingga meningkatkan produktivitas Ultisol. Populasi P. hupiensis mpunyai korelasi nyata dan positif dengan pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai var. is di Typik Palehumult, halus, kaolinitik, isohipertermik dengan berat isi 1,19 in' dan kedalaman horison argilik 12 cm dari permukaan tanah. Upland Ultisols productivity are limited by high bulk density, shallow argilic horizon, low organic matter content and low pH. The activity of earthworm is able to decrease soil bulk density, mix and conserve soil organic matter, to stabilize soil macro aggregate and to concentrate the plant nutrients around rhizosphere. Meanwhile their casting is stable soil macro aggregate and it contains higher plant nutrients as compared with surrounding soil. Research was conducted in four phases. Phase I was to identify the habitat and population of earthworm in upland Ultisols of Malangsari Village, sub district of Cipanas, district of Lebak, and province of Banten. Phase II was to study the effect of ameliorant on Ultisols as earthworm habitat in simple bamboo house experiment. Phase III was to evaluate the activity of earthworm Pheretima hupiensis at various ameliorant amendment in a terrarium. Phase IV was the use of earthworm to increase the soybean yield on Typic Palehumults, fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic in Malangsari Village, Cipanas Sub district, Lebak District, Banten Province. Objectives of this research were (1) to find out the factors affecting the population and activity of earthworm on six land use types in upland Ultisols, (2) to study the potential of earthworm as an agent to reduce the compact argillic horizon in Ultisols management, (3) to utilize the earthworm to increase Ultisol productivity. The results showed that earthworm population in Ultisol was dominated by Pheretima hupiensis. The main constraints of P. hupiensis population in wet season are low PO-HCI 25% content and high soil surface temperature at midday (12.00 o'clock) In transition from wet to dry season the constraints are low penetrability and CN ratio of soil organic matter. In dry season the constraint is low available water. Inoculation of P. hupiensis (endogeic earthworm) reduce the bulk density of argilic horizon and expand the organic matters as well as increasing soil pH to the deeper horizon. Minimum tillage with vertical application of organic matter and lime is the best management to improve the P. hupiensis activities in the argilic horizon. The earthworm P. hupiensis decreased argilic horizon bulk densities, deposited casting around the rhizosphere area to improve plant uptake of soil nutrients; hence, increase the Ultisol productivity. Population of P. hupiensis have positive significant correlation with soybean var. Willis growth in upland Typic Palehumults, fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic with 1.19 g/cm bulk density and 12 cm-deep argilic horizon. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/119166 |
| Appears in Collections: | DT - Agriculture |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002sub.pdf Restricted Access | Fullteks | 2.12 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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