Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/119147
Title: Karakteristik fisiologi fotosintetik dan pewarisan sifat toleran naungan pada padi gogo
Other Titles: Characteristics Physiology of Photosynthetic and Inheritance of the Tolerance upland Rice to Shading
Authors: Sastrosumarjo, Sarsidi
Chozin, M.A.
Sopandie, Didy
Soverda, Nerty
Issue Date: 2002
Publisher: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstract: L'ntuk meningkatkan produksi padi gogo yang ditanam sebagai tanaman sela, diperlukan perhatian ke arah pengembangan varietas padi gogo yang toleran terhadap naungan dan berproduksi tinggi. Untuk pembentukan varietas tersebut diperlukan informasi tentang mekanisme toleransi terutama tentang karakteristik fisiologi fotosintetik dan sistem genetik atau pola pewarisan sifatnya. Hingga saat ini informasi tentang karakteristik fisiologi fotosintetik belum banyak diketahui, terutarna informasi mengenai karakter fisiologi fotosintetik tertentu yang mungkin menentukan sifat toleransi pada tanaman tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (I) mendapatkan karakter fisiologi fotosintetik genotipe padi gogo toleran terhadap naungan, (2) menerangkan mekanisme adaptasi fisiologis fotosintetik tanaman padi gogo terhadap naungan, (3) meng~ji kemungkinan penggunaan karakter fisiologi fotosintetik untuk evaluasi plasma nutfah padi gogo toleran terhadap naungan, dan (4) menguji pewarisan sifat toleran padi gogo terhadap naungan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan dauP pada naungan 50% mengalarni penurunan, luas daun meningkat dan kerapatan stomata menurun. Uji koefisien lintas menunjukkan bahwa karakter-karakter fisiologi fotosintetik yang dapat menentukan toleransi terhadap naungan adalah klorofil daun, aktivitas enzim fosfogliserat kinase (PGK) dan sukrosa daun. Pada naungan 50% kandungan klorofil genotipe toleran dan peka meningkat, peningkatan toleran lebih tinggi daripada yang peka. Aktivitas enzim PGK menurun pada genotipe toleran dan peka. Penurunan genotipe peka lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang toleran. Sukrosa daun meningkat pada genotipe to leran, sedangkan pada yang peka sukrosa menurun. Perlakuan naungan mempengaruhi produksi bobot gabah per rumpun padi gogo. Dibandingkan dengan produksi pada naungan 0% terlihat tcrjadi penurunan sebesar 15.14% dan 63.73% masing-masing untuk genotipe toleran dan peka. Penurunan produksi yang lebih rendah pada genotipe toleran juga diduga berkaitan dengan rendahnya kehampaan dan didukung oleh jumlah gabah per malai dan jumlah rnalai yang lebih tinggi. Dari hasil evaluasi pada naungan buatan terhadap 192 genotipe melalui pengukuran kandungan klorofil total daun yang diduga melalui intensitas kehijauannya (greenness) dipcroleh 38 genotipe toleran, 78 moderat dan 76 peka. Hasil penelitian pola pewarisan sifat toleran naungan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh tetua betina, dan sifat toleran naungan padi gogo dikendalikan oleh dua gen yang diduga bekerja secara epistasis duplikat resesif dengan derajat dominansi gennya adalah dominan tidak sempuma. Hasil penelitian juga memperlihatkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas yang cukup tinggi. Nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi menunjukkan pengaruh genetik lebih besar dari pada pengaruh lingkungan, sehingga berpeluang untuk memperbaiki sifat toleran padi gogo terhadap naungan.
To increase the productivity of intercrop upland rice system is necessary to develop upland rice varieties that tolerant to shading and high productivity.The experiments were aimed to (1) find characteristics physiology of photosynthetic of upland rice genotype to shading (2) explaint the adaptation mechanism of upland rice to shading, (3) study the possibility of using photosinthetic characters to evaluate plasma nutfah of upland rice that tolerant to shading, and (4) study inheritance on shade tolerance in upland rice. The first experiment showed that the leaf thickness in a 50% level tended to decline, leave area tended to in::rease and stomata! density decreased. The path analysis showed that the significant physiology characters to determine the tolerant level to shade was the leave chlorophyll content, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) activities, and the leave sucrose content. The increase of chlorophyll-a content as well as total chlorophyll content was higher in tolerant genotypes than in sensitive genotypes. A 50% shading level decrease the PGK activities, but such decrease was lower in tolerant genotypes compared to sensitive ones. The sucrose content of tolerant genotype was increase, but that of sensitive genotypes was decrease. Leave glucose and fructose contents tended to decrease in a 50% shading level. Total N and soluble N in tolerant genotypes seemed to be lower than those in sensitive genotypes in a 50% shading level. Shading treatment affected the number of grain panicle. Compared to a 0% shading level, the yield in 50% shading level decreased about 15.14% and 63.73% for tolerant genotypes and sensitive genotypes respectively. A small decreased in yield of tolerant genotypes related to a lower percentage of unfilled grain and higher grain per panicle than those of sensitive genotypes. The tolerant mechanism to shade for upland rice was indicated by lessening the leave thickness, increasing the leave chlorophyll content, accelerating PGK activities, and increasing leave sucrose content. Besides, it was essential to retain relatively hight yield, decrease of unfilled grain, and to maintain high number of grain per panicle. Evaluation to 192 genotypes in a man-made shading by measuring the total chlorophyll with a chlorophyll meter showed that 38 genotypes were tolerant, 78 genotypes were moderate and 76 were sensitive. The result of study about the behavior of inheritance of upland rice that tolerant to shade showed that there were no effect of maternal, and the tolerant behavior to shade of upland rice was controlled by mayor gene and minor gene. It was suspected that these genes worked complementary with degree of gene dominance was parsial dominant. The result of study also showed that a broad heritability value was high indicating that the genetic effect was higher than the environment effect.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/119147
Appears in Collections:DT - Agriculture

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
2002nso.pdf
  Restricted Access
Fullteks2.2 MBAdobe PDFView/Open


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.