Adaptasi Nelayan Jaring Insang di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Morodemak Kabupaten Demak terhadap Cuaca Ekstrim di Laut.

Abstract

Peningkatan frekuensi kejadian cuaca ekstrim mempengaruhi sektor perikanan. Nelayan kecil dari perikanan jaring insang di Morodemak termasuk kelompok yang mengalami dampak buruk dari cuaca ekstrim sehingga Pemerintah Kabupaten Demak perlu melakukan upaya untuk membantu mereka menghadapi kondisi tersebut. Pemerintah daerah perlu mempertimbangkan tingkat ketangguhan nelayan, dalam menentukan kelompok sasaran, jenis dan volume bantuan yang akan disalurkan. Tingkat ketangguhan ditentukan oleh kemampuan beradaptasi pada saat kegiatan penangkapan ikan sulit dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan fluktuasi kondisi laut dan cuaca, pola adaptasi nelayan jaring insang, menginventarisasi tindakan Pemerintah, dan menyusun rekomendasi strategi bantuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara nelayan, dan mengunduh data satelit curah hujan dan kecepatan angin dari Power Data Access Viewer. Analisis dilakukan untuk menentukan periode waktu terjadinya cuaca ekstrim, modus adaptasi nelayan, akar permasalahan dan mengidentifikasi strategi terbaik dalam memberikan bantuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas penangkapan nelayan jaring insang Morodemak sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi laut dan cuaca. Cuaca ekstrim menyebabkan jumlah trip operasi berkurang drastis dan nelayan kehilangan pendapatan. Nelayan jaring insang Morodemak cenderung melakukan pola adaptasi negatif, berhutang dan menjual/menggadaikan aset. Selain melakukan tindakan mitigasi, respons Pemerintah Kabupaten Demak sebaiknya mencakup implementasi program yang bersifat membangun adaptasi nelayan agar semakin tangguh dalam menghadapi cuaca ekstrim

More occurrence of extreme weather seriously affects fishing activities. Fishers of the small scaled gillnet fisheries in Morodemak are among the most affected. The Demak Regency Government has responded with mitigation effort that includes provision of assistance when they experience this bad condition. The Government need to consider their resilience to the extreme weather in determining prioirity target, types and volume of assistance. This study aims to describe the occurrence and periods of extreme weather at sea, adaptation patterns of the fishers, inventory of government actions, and identify strategic recommendations to improve their resilience. Data were collected by conducting interviews, downloading satellite data of rainfall and wind speed from the Power Data Access Viewer. A number of analysis were carried out to determine frequency and time of occurrence of extreme weather at sea, modus of adaptive actions, problem analysis, advantages/disadvantages analysis of assistance and opportunity for improving resilence of the fishers. The results showed that the activities of the small scaled gillnet fisheries are sensitive to the extreme weather. In the event of extreme weather which may take several days to two weeks, number of fishing trips and their income dropped drastically. Their adaptive strategies include borrowing money and selling or pawning their belongings. In addition to mitigation effort, the Demak Regency Government's program must also include adaptive strategies to improve of resilience of the fishers to the extreme weather.