Model Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Sumber Semen di Kabupaten Rembang

Abstract

Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park is the only conservation area located in Rembang Regency. This area is designated as a protected area by two ministries, namely the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Confirmed by Presidential Decree Number 26 of 2011 concerning Designation of Groundwater Basins as Conservation/Protected Areas. One of the reasons is that this area is the largest water recharge area in Rembang Regency which is part of the North Kendeng Karst Mountains area. However, some parties are not aware of the value possessed by Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park so that the willingness to participate in managing the area is still low. This study aims to estimate the total economic value of the area, determine the level of community dependence, determine the status of sustainable management of the area and develop a model for sustainable management of the Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park area. This research is expected to be taken into consideration for stakeholders in making decisions related to Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park, either directly or indirectly. This research was conducted at Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park, Gading Village and Tahunan Village in 2021. The respondents used were 2% of the respondent population, both visitors and the research village community. Data collection was carried out by interviews, field observations, biodiversity exploration and literature study. Then analyzed by benefit transfer, willingness to pay and total economic value to estimate the total economic value of the area, analysis of economic benefits (share and cover) to determine the level of community dependence on the area, and sustainability analysis to determine the area's sustainability status. All analysis results are taken into consideration in developing a sustainable management model for the Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park area. The total economic value is estimated by identifying the potential in Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park. The potential in question is the potential of flora, fauna, springs, environmental services and forest carbon stocks in the area. Exploration results showed a diversity of identified flora as many as 124 species. It was found that there were still many woody species, such as teak (Tectona grandis) and two types of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni and Swietenia macrophylla). This sufficiently illustrates the history of Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park which was formerly eco-tourism area managed by Perhutani KPH Kebonharjo. Fauna diversity identified 6 species of birds, 1 mammal, 2 herpetofauna and several butterflies. Utilization of water is carried out for tourism activities, agricultural irrigation and fulfillment of household clean water needs. Utilization is carried out by the surrounding community and PDAM Banyumili, Rembang Regency, to meet the clean water needs of 4 sub-districts in Rembang Regency. The minimum estimation result of forest carbon stocks is 468.31 tons/ha. The estimated total economic value of the area is IDR 12,486,219,121. This value is obtained from the direct use value in the form of tourism activities, agricultural irrigation and household clean water of IDR 7,961,788,620, the indirect use value of forest carbon stocks of IDR 164,596,754, the optional value of biodiversity of IDR 98,573,961 and the value of existence in the form of an area ecosystem of IDR 4,261,286,786. The highest economic value (56.17%) is obtained from the use of water to meet household clean water needs. The results of the analysis of economic benefits in the form of revenue share from total revenue are included in the very low category (18%). Not many people use Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park as source of income. In addition, the economic value that has so far been obtained by the community has not been able to contribute significantly to the total household income in one month. While the results of the analysis of income cover on household expenditure are in the low category (25%). The amount of revenue from Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park is not able to meet household expenses. So that the surrounding community does not have high dependence on the existence of Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park. Sustainability analysis considers ecological, economic, socio-cultural, institutional and infrastructure dimensions. The five dimensions of sustainability have different sustainability indices which fall under the three categories of sustainability status. The socio-cultural dimension (77.27) has a sustainable status. The ecological dimension (71.81) and the institutional dimension (71.70) have a fairly sustainable status. The economic dimension (44.57) and the infrastructure dimension (48.69) are less sustainable. Overall Sumber Semen Natural Tourism Park has a fairly sustainable status with a sustainability index value of 62.81%. The sustainable management model can be started by optimizing the less sustainable dimensions, namely the economic and infrastructure dimensions. One of them is digitalization to increase the number of visits so that the local economy can continue to grow. Furthermore, it is necessary to offer management to third parties in order to optimize the benefits generated by the area. Through natural tourism business permits it can be in the form of business licenses for providing natural tourism services or business permits for providing natural tourism facilities, which can be submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.