Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116708
Title: Kloning Gen Triasilgliserol Karboksilesterase ( CES) Bacillus Modifikasi Kain Poliester
Other Titles: Cloning of Triacylglycerol Lipase (TGA) and Carboxylesterase (CES) Bacillus velezensis mlp-2 for Modification of Polyester Fabrics.
Authors: Meryandini, Anja
Helianti, Is
Astuti, Rika Indri
Layly, Ika Rahmatul
Keywords: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Issue Date: 13-Feb-2023
Publisher: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstract: Poliester adalah polimer yang mengandung gugus fungsional ester dalam rantai utamanya. Sebagai serat sintetis poliester memiliki keunggulan jika dibandingkan dengan serat sintetis lainnya. Kuat, tidak mudah kusut, mudah dibersihkan dan murah adalah beberapa keunggulannya, dibalik kelebihan tersebut kelembapan yang rendah serta sifat hidrofobik menjadi kekurangannya apabila digunakan sebagai bahan baku tekstil. Untuk mengubah sifat hidrofobik poliester menjadi hidrofilik dilakukan modifikasi permukaan, sehingga poliester menjadi lebih mudah menyerap air, pewarna dan nyaman digunakan sebagai bahan baku tekstil. Modifikasi permukaan secara enzimatik menggunakan enzim hidrolase lipolitik adalah metode yang efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Enzim lipolitik triasilgliserol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) dan karboksilesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) bekerja pada ikatan ester karboksil, dihasilkan oleh mikroba dan sudah diaplikasikan untuk berbagai bidang industri termasuk industri tekstil. Bakteri dari genus Bacillus diketahui sebagai penghasil enzim hidrolase lipolitik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kloning gen triasilgliserol lipase (TGA) dan karboksilesterase (CES) dari Bacillus velezensis mlp-2 untuk mendapatkan enzim triasilgliserol lipase serta karboksilesterase yang mampu diaplikasikan untuk modifikasi permukaan poliester. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga tahap. Tahap pertama adalah isolasi dan kloning gen triasilgliserol lipase (TGA) dan karboksilesterase (CES) dari B. velezensis mlp-2. Kloning gen TGA, CES beserta promotornya pada vektor plasmid pJET 1.2 blunt dan pGEMT dan transformasi pada sel inang Escherichia coli DH5α. Hasil ekspresi gen TGA dan CES yang berupa protein enzim triasilgliserol lipase dan karboksilesterase dianalisa sekuen asam amino untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan, motif sekuen asam amino, struktur model dan triad katalitiknya. Analisa sekuen asam amino protein TGA dan CES dilakukan dengan mensejajarkan terhadap protein enzim yang sama dari bakteri pembanding dilanjutkan dengan prediksi struktur model 3D menggunakan server online https://swissmodel.expasy.org/. Tahap kedua adalah produksi enzim intraseluler rekombinan triasilgliserol lipase dan karboksilesterase pada media Luria Bertani. Enzim yang dihasilkan diuji aktivitasnya hidrolisisnya, diukur kadar proteinnya dan dikarakterisasi spesifisitasnya terhadap substrat, pengaruh pH, suhu, inhibitor, aktivator, deterjen, pelarut organik dan ion. Tahap ketiga adalah aplikasi enzim triasilgliserol lipase dan karboksilesterase untuk modifikasi kain poliester. Aplikasi modifikasi permukaan kain poliester dilakukan dengan merendam kain poliester pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan meliputi enzim rekombinan triasilgliserol lipase, karboksilesterase, enzim lipase komersial C. rugosa (Amano), enzim lipase non rekombinan B. velezensis mlp-2, kontrol positif (NaOH) serta kontrol negatif (Air). Parameter yang diamati antara lain hidrofilisitas, penyerapan warna, kandungan karboksil dan pengamatan morfologi permukaan kain menggunakan mikroskop electron Isolasi gen Triasilgliserol lipase (TGA) dan Karboksilesterase (CES) dari B. velezensis mlp-2 mendapatkan gen TGA berukuran 645 bp dan gen CES berukuran 1449 bp. Kloning dan ekspresi gen TGA serta CES beserta native promotornya pada inang Escherichia coli DH5α menghasilkan enzim lipase dan karboksilesterase rekombinan intraseluler. Aktivitas enzim TGA dan CES rekombinan intraseluler adalah 0.25 U/mL dan 0.23 U/mL dengan berat molekul 25 kDa dan 50kDa. Enzim TGA mempunyai spesifisitas pada substrat lemak ester p-nitrophenyl-octanoat (C10) dan p-nitrophenyl-palmitate (C16). Enzim CES mempunyai spesifitas pada substrat p-nitrophenyl-asetate (C2) dan p-nitrophenyl-butirat (C4). TGA optimal pada pH 8 suhu 40 °C sedangkan CES optimal pada pH 7 dan suhu 40 °C. Ion logam Mg2+, Mn2+, K+ dan Zn2 menurunkan aktivitas enzim TGA dan CES, sedangkan ion Ca2+ meningkatkan aktivitas pada kedua enzim tersebut. Penambahan inhibitor EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid), β-mercaptoethanol, PMSF (Phenyl Methyl Sulfonile Fluoride) menurunkan aktivitas enzim baik TGA dan CES. Dithiothreithol (DTT) dan DMSO (Dimehtylsulfoxide) meningkatkan aktivitas pada CES hingga aktivitas relatif mencapai 120 dan 111 %, terhadap enzim TGA penambahan DTT dan DMSO tidak berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas. Penambahan pelarut organik aseton, isopropanol, n- heksan, methanol dan kloroform dengan konsentrasi 1% pada enzim TGA dan CES tidak berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas kedua enzim. Pengaruh deterjen non ionik tween 20, dan triton x-100 jika dibandingkan dengan pengaruh deterjen anionik SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) terhadap enzim TGA dan CES menunjukkan deterjen anionik menurunkan aktivitas enzim lebih tajam jika dibandingkan dengan pengaruh deterjen non ionik. Deterjen anionik menurunkan aktivitas enzim hingga 50% dari aktivitas enzim awal, sedangkan deterjen non ionik tween 20 dan triton-x menyisakan aktivitas relatif lebih dari 85%. Modifikasi permukaan secara enzimatis pada kain poliester menunjukkan terjadinya proses perubahan sifat kain dari hidrofobik menjadi hidrofilik. Perubahan sifat kain ditunjukkan oleh meningkatnya penyerapan air, warna dan kandungan karboksil serta perubahan morfologi permukaan serat kain. Waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam penyerapan air dan warna pada kain poliester yang diperlakukan dengan enzim TGA, CES, lipase non rekombinan B. velezensis mlp-2 , lipase komersial, kontrol positif (NaOH) dan kontrol negatif (air) berturut-turut adalah 3, 3.5, 5, 3.2, 12 dan 80 menit. Untuk waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam penyerapan warna berturut-turut adalah 52, 58, 178, 50, 196 dan 2968 detik. Kandungan karboksil pada kelompok perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 30.9, 30.5, 28.6, 31.9, 12.4 dan 3 meq/100g. Kain yang mengalami proses hidrolisis perlakuan enzim TGA, CES, lipase non rekombinan B. velezensis mlp-2, lipase komersial, kontrol positif (NaOH) menunjukkan pilinan pada permukaan serat kain menjadi tidak teratur serta terdapat retakan, lubang, pori-pori, sedangkan pada perlakuan kontrol negatif (air) tidak terjadi perubahan pada permukaan serat dan struktur pilinan. Kata kunci: kloning gen, karboksilesterase, modifikasi permukaan, poliester, triasilgliserol lipase
Polyester is a polymer containing an ester functional group in the main chain, has superior characteristics to other synthetic fibers. Some of its characteristic are strong, durable, waterproof and inexpensive. Low moisture and the hydropohobic nature are the drawbacks polyester when used as a textile raw material. The hydrophobic nature of polyester can be changed by modifying the surface to make polyester absorb water easily, easy stain and increase comfortness. Enzymatic surface modification using lipolytic hydrolase enzyme is an effective, efficient and environmental friendly. Triacylglicerol lipase lipolytic enzyme (EC 3.1.1.3) and carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) act on carboxyl ester bonds. Produced by microbes and have been widely used for industrial biotechnology application included textile industries. Genus Bacillus of bacteria has been known as a hydrolase lipolytic enzyme producer. In this study, triacylglycerol lipase (TGA) and carboxylesterase (CES) genes were cloned from Bacillus velezensis mlp-2 to obtain triacylglycerol lipase and carboxylesterase enzymes that could be applied for surface modification of polyester. The study was divided into three steps. The first step was cloning and isolation of the triacylglycerol lipase (TGA) and carboxylesterase (CES) genes from Bacillus velezensis mlp-2. Cloning of TGA, CES gene and its promoter in pJET 1.2 blunt and pGEMT plasmid vectors and transformation in Escherichia coli DH5α host cells. TGA and CES gene expression as a triacylglycerol lipase and carboxylesterase enzymes were analyzed for amino acid sequences to determine the phylogeny, amino acid motifs sequence, structures model and catalytic triads. Amino acid sequence analysis of TGA and CES proteins was carried out by aligning them with the same enzyme proteins from the references bacteria followed by prediction of the 3D model structure using the online server https://swissmodel.expasy.org/. The second step was production of recombinant intracellular enzymes triacylglycerol lipase and carboxylesterase in Luria Bertani media. The enzymes produced were tested for their hydrolysis activity, measured their protein content and characterized for their specificity to the substrate, the effect of pH, temperature, inhibitors, activators, detergents, organic solvents and ions. The third step was the application of triacylglycerol lipase and carboxylesterase enzymes for the modification of polyester fabrics. The application of surface modification of polyester fabric was carried out by soaking the polyester fabric in each treatment group. The treatment group included recombinant triacylglycerol lipase, carboxylesterase, commercial lipase enzyme C. rugosa (Amano), non-recombinant lipase enzyme B. velezensis mlp-2, positive control (NaOH) and negative control (water). Parameters observed included hydrophilicity, color absorption, carboxyl content and surface morphology observation of the fabric using an electron microscope. Isolation of triacylglycerol (TGA) and Carboxylesterase (CES) genes from mlp-2 isolates obtained TGA genes measuring 645 bp while CES genes measuring 1449 bp. Cloning and expression of TGA and CES genes and their native promoters in host Escherichia coli DH5α produce an intracellular recombinant lipase and carboxylesterase enzymes. Intracellular recombinant TGA and CES enzyme activity were 0.25 U/mL and 0.23 U/mL with molecular weight are 25 kDa and 50kDa. TGA enzyme has specificity on fatty ester substrate of P-nitrophenyl-octanoate (C10) and p-nitrophenyl-palmitate (C16). CES enzyme has specificity on the substrate of P-nitrophenyl-acetate (C2) and p-nitrophenyl-butyrate (C4). TGA is optimal at pH 8 and temperature at 40° C, while CES is optimal at pH 7 and temperature at 40 °C. Metal ions Mg2+, Mn2+, K+ and Zn2+ decrease the activity of TGA and CES enzymes, while Ca2+ ions increase activity in both enzymes. The addition of EDTA inhibitors (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid), mercaptoethanol, PMSF (Phenyl Methyl Sulfonile Fluoride) decreased the enzyme activity of both TGA and CES. DTT (Dithiothreithol) and DMSO (Dimehtylsulfoxide) increased CES activity. The addition of DTT and DMSO on the TGA enzymes had no effect on enzyme activity. The addition of organic solvents acetone, isopropanol, n - hexane, methanol and chloroform with a concentration of 1% on TGA and CES enzymes has no effect on the activity of both enzymes. The effect of non ionic detergent tween 20, and triton x-100 when compared with the effect of anionic detergent SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) to TGA and CES enzymes showed that anionic detergent decreased enzyme activity more sharply when compared with the effect of non ionic detergent. Anionic detergents decrease enzyme activity up to 50% from the initial enzyme activity, while non-ionic detergents tween 20 and triton-x leave a relative activity more than 85%. Enzymatic surface modification in polyester fabric shows the process of changing fabric properties from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Changes in fabric properties are indicated by increased water absorption, color and carboxyl content as well as changes in the morphology of the fabric fiber surface. The time required of water and color absorption in polyester fabrics treated with TGA, CES, non recombinant lipase B. velezensis mlp-2, commercial lipase C. rugosa (Amano), positive control (NaOH) and negative control (water) were 3, 3.5, 5, 3.2, 12 and 80 minutes respectively. The time required for color absorption were 52, 58, 178, 50, 196 and 2968 seconds. Carboxyl content were 30.9, 30.5, 28.6, 31.9, 12.4 and 3 meq/100g. In treated groups, a hydrolyzed polyester using TGA, CES, non recombinant lipase, commercial lipase and positive control (NaOH) based on observations using electron microscopy showed on the surface of the twisted polyester fabric fibers become irregular and there are cracks, holes, pores, while in the negative control treatment (water) there is no change in the fiber surface and spiral structure. Keywords: carboxylesterase, gene cloning, polyester, surface modification, triacylglycerol lipase
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116708
Appears in Collections:DT - Mathematics and Natural Science

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