Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116472
Title: Formula Streptomyces-Alginat sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung dan Analisis Profil Mikrobiom Rizosfernya
Other Titles: Streptomyces-Alginate Formula as Maize Plant Growth Promoter and Its Rhizosphere Microbiome Profile Analysis
Authors: Wahyudi, Aris Tri
Astuti, Rika Indri
Nawangsih, Abdjad Asih
Asriatno, Okto
Issue Date: 2023
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) adalah kelompok mikroba yang mengkolonisasi lapisan rizosfer dan secara kolektif memfasilitasi peningkatan pertumbuhan dan kesehatan tanaman sebagai biostimulan, biofertilizer, dan bioprotektan. PGPR dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia sintetis. Streptomyces dikenal memiliki aktivitas pemacu tumbuh tanaman dengan menghasilkan hormon pertumbuhan, membantu proses pelarutan fosfat, dan menambat nitrogen bebas. Streptomyces tersebut dapat diformulasikan dengan bahan pembawa seperti alginat untuk melindungi bakteri dari cekaman lingkungan saat diaplikasikan di lapangan. Formulasi menggunakan alginat lebih mudah dalam hal penyimpanan dan pemindahan, lebih tahan lama, biodegradable dan non-toksik bagi organisme lainnya. Namun, penelitian terkait formulasi Streptomyces menggunakan alginat, pengaplikasian, dan pengaruhnya terhadap tanaman jagung serta mikrobiom rizosfer jagung belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi formulasi Streptomyces rizosfer dengan alginat sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman jagung dan menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi formula tersebut terhadap mikrobiom rizosfer tanaman jagung. Penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu: peremajaan dan produksi biomassa isolat, formulasi Streptomyces menggunakan alginat, uji viabilitas formula, aplikasi formula pada tanaman jagung, pengambilan sampel dan isolasi DNA mikrobiom rizosfer, serta analisis mikrobiom rizosfer berbasis NGS. Lima isolat Streptomyces (ARJ14, ARJ16, ARJ28, ARJ32 dan ARJ34) digunakan pada penelitian ini dan diremajakan pada medium molase-ekstrak khamir. Kelima isolat tersebut diformulasikan dengan bahan pembawa alginat 2% dengan metode ekstrusi sehingga terbentuk manik alginat. Formula ARJ28 memiliki viabilitas yang terbaik selama 10 minggu penyimpanan pada suhu ± 27 °C, yaitu 5,1 x 107 cfu/g pada minggu ke-10. Perlakuan formula ARJ28 menghasilkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot basah dan bobot kering terbaik jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya dan kontrol, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 117,73 cm, 1,32 cm, 71,67 g dan 9,57 g. Rata-rata jumlah daun terbanyak terdapat pada tanaman jagung yang diberi perlakuan formula ARJ14, yaitu 10,67. Pemberian formula Streptomyces ARJ28 menyebabkan persentase kelimpahan relatif mikroba dari filum Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Crenarchaeota, Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, Patescibacteria dan Verrucomicrobiota pada rizosfer jagung meningkat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan formula ARJ34 maupun kontrol positif dan negatif. Rizosfer jagung yang diberi perlakuan formula ARJ28 memiliki kelimpahan genus Sphingomonas, Candidatus Nitrosotalea, dan Bradyrhizobium tertinggi. Taksa tersebut diketahui memiliki anggota dengan aktivitas pemacuan pertumbuhan tanaman dan diduga berperan dalam pertumbuhan tanaman jagung yang diberi formula ARJ28.
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of microbes that colonize the rhizosphere and collectively facilitate the improvement of plant growth and health as biostimulants, biofertilizers and bioprotectants. PGPR can be an alternative in reducing the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. Streptomyces is known to have plant growth-promoting activity by producing growth hormones, helping the phosphate solubilization process, and fixing free nitrogen. Streptomyces can be formulated with carrier materials such as alginate to protect bacteria from environmental stress when applied in the field. Formulations using alginate are easier in terms of storage and transfer, more durable, biodegradable and non-toxic to other organisms. However, research related to Streptomyces formulations using alginate, its application, and its effects on maize plants and the maize rhizosphere microbiome has never been carried out. This study aims to evaluate the formulation of Streptomyces rhizosphere with alginate as a growth promoter of maize plants and to analyze the effect of the application of the formula on the rhizosphere microbiome of maize plants. This research was conducted through several stages namely: rejuvenation and production of isolate biomass, Streptomyces formulation using alginate, formula viability test, application of the formula to maize plants, sampling and isolation of rhizosphere microbiome DNA, and analysis of NGS-based of rhizosphere microbiome. Five Streptomyces isolates (ARJ14, ARJ16, ARJ28, ARJ32, and ARJ34) were used in this study and rejuvenated in molasses-yeast extract medium. The five isolates were formulated with 2% alginate carrier using the extrusion method to form alginate beads. The ARJ28 formula had the best viability for 10 weeks of storage at ± 27 °C, namely 5,1 x 107 cfu/g at the week 10th. The ARJ28 formula caused the best average plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight compared with other treatments and controls, namely 117,73 cm, 1,32 cm, 71,67 g and 9,57 g. The highest average number of leaves was in the ARJ14 formula treatment, namely 10,67. The ARJ28 formula increased the percentage of relative abundance of microbes from the phyla Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Crenarchaeota, Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, Patescibacteriota, and Verrucomicrobiota in the maize rhizosphere compared with the ARJ34 formula treatment, the positive, and negative controls. The maize rhizosphere treated with the ARJ28 formula had the highest abundance of the genera Sphingomonas, Candidatus Nitrosotalea, and Bradyrhizobium. These taxa are known to have members with plant growth promoting activity and are thought to play a role in the growth of maize plants which were given the formula ARJ28.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116472
Appears in Collections:MT - Mathematics and Natural Science

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