Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Daya Saing Sabun Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara produsen kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia, sehingga berpotensi untuk meningkatkan ekspor sabun yang bernilai tambah tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing sabun Indonesia di negara tujuan utama dengan metode RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), EPD (Export Product Dynamic), dan X-Model, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya menggunakan regresi data panel dengan periode waktu tahun 2010-2019. Hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan sabun Indonesia berdaya saing kuat di semua negara tujuan utama. Hasil analisis EPD menunjukkan bahwa posisi pasar ekspor sabun Indonesia berada pada posisi rising star di negara Djibouti, Filipina, dan Nigeria, posisi falling star di negara India, Thailand, dan Uni Emirat Arab, posisi lost opportunity di negara China dan Ghana, serta posisi retreat di negara Singapura. Hasil analisis X-Model menunjukkan bahwa ekspor sabun Indonesia ke negara Djibouti, Filipina, dan Nigeria memiliki pengembangan pasar optimis, pada negara China, Ghana, India, Thailand, dan Uni Emirat Arab memiliki pengembangan pasar potensial, sedangkan pada negara Singapura memiliki pengembangan pasar kurang potensial. Berdasarkan hasil regresi data panel, variabel volume dan harga ekspor sabun Indonesia berpengaruh positif, variabel PDB per kapita negara tujuan dan PDB per kapita Indonesia berpengaruh negatif, serta variabel harga ekspor sabun Malaysia, nilai tukar riil, dan proporsi volume ekspor minyak sawit terhadap produksi CPO Indonesia tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya saing sabun Indonesia.

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producing country in the world, so it has the potential to increase export of soaps with high added value. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian soap in the main destination countries using the RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), EPD (Export Product Dynamic) and X-Model methods, as well as analyze the factors that affect it using panel data regression with the time period 2010-2019. The results of the RCA analysis show that Indonesian soap is strongly competitive in all main destination countries. The results of the EPD analysis show that Indonesia's soap exports market position have the rising star position in Djibouti, Philippines, and Nigeria, the falling star position in India, Thailand, and United Arab Emirates, the lost opportunity position in China and Ghana, and the retreat position in Singapore. The results of the X-Model analysis show that Indonesia's soap exports to Djibouti, Philippines, and Nigeria have optimistic market development, in China, Ghana, India, Thailand, and United Arab Emirates have potential market development, while Singapore has less potential market development. Based on the regression results of panel data, the variables of the volume and price of Indonesian soap exports have a positive effect, the variables of GDP per capita of the destination country and the GDP per capita of Indonesia have a negative effect, as well as the variables of Malaysian soap export prices, real exchange rates, and the proportion of palm oil export volumes to Indonesia's CPO production do not affect the competitiveness of Indonesian soap.