Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Volume Ekspor Minyak Kelapa Murni (Virgin Coconut Oil) di Negara Tujuan Utama.

Abstract

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) menjadi salah satu produk potensial ekspor subsektor perkebunan. Indonesia menjadi negara terbesar pengekspor VCO di pasar dunia. Industri terkait pengolahan kelapa menjadi VCO banyak mengalami ancaman seperti lahan perkebunan kelapa yang semakin sedikit dan kurangnya penataan organisasi pengolahan produk turunan kelapa dari tingkat hulu hingga hilir. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor VCO di negara tujuan utama. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), Diamond’s Porter, dan Gravity Model. Hasil nilai rata-rata RCA VCO Indonesia berdaya saing komparatif di negara tujuan utama. Hasil analisis EPD menunjukkan posisi ideal (rising star) untuk pasar produk VCO Indonesia yaitu China, Rusia, Sri Lanka, dan Amerika Serikat. Hasil analisis Diamond’s Porter menunjukkan bahwa keempat atribut, yaitu kondisi faktor, kondisi permintaan, kondisi industri terkait dan pendukung serta struktur, strategi, dan persaingan dapat menjelaskan secara kualitatif daya saing kompetitif VCO Indonesia. Selain itu, hasil estimasi model menunjukkan bahwa variabel GDP per kapita Indonesia dan populasi negara tujuan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor VCO Indonesia.

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a potential export product for the plantation sub-sector. Indonesia is the largest VCO exporter country in the world. Industries related to the processing of coconut into VCO are experiencing many threats, such as less land for coconut plantations and a lack of organizational arrangements for processing coconut derivative products from upstream to downstream. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the influencing factors VCO export volume in main destination countries. The analytical methods used are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), Diamond's Porter, and the Gravity Model. The results of the average RCA value of Indonesian VCO are comparatively competitive in the main destination countries. The results of the EPD analysis show the ideal position (rising star) for the Indonesian VCO product market, namely China, Russia, Sri Lanka and the United States. The results of Diamond's Porter analysis show that the four attribute , namely factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industry conditions as well as structure, strategy, and competition qualitatively explain the competitiveness of Indonesian VCO. In addition, the estimation results of the model show that the variable GDP per capita of Indonesia and the population of the destination country have a significant effect on the volume of Indonesia's VCO exports.