Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kayu Manis Indonesia di Pasar Amerika Serikat

Abstract

Indonesia termasuk produsen kayu manis di pasar dunia yang bersaing dengan Sri Lanka dan Vietnam. Negara tujuan ekspor kayu manis berada pada Amerika Serikat dengan laju pertumbuhan 16,9%. Harga kayu manis Indonesia selalu mengalami peningkatan, tetapi tidak sejalan dengan volume ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing, potensi, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor kayu manis di pasar Amerika Serikat. Fokus penelitian komoditas kayu manis dengan kode HS 090611 (Spices; cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), neither crushed nor ground) pada periode 2016-2021, penelitian ini menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), Diamond Porter’s, X-Model Potential Export Product, dan Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan Indonesia mempunyai keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif, namun perlu mengevaluasi hasil analisis Diamond Porter’s yang menunjukan minimnya kualitas tenaga kerja, minimnya negara tujuan ekspor, kemunduran luas lahan produksi kayu manis Indonesia, minimnya teknologi terbaru, dan minimnya kegiatan industri hilir kayu manis Indonesia. Indonesia juga berada pada pasar optimis serta memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan harga kayu manis, jumlah populasi, dan nilai kurs rupiah di negara tujuan ekspor utama.

Indonesia is a cinnamon producer in the world market which competes with Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Cinnamon export destination countries are in the United States with a growth rate of 16.9%. Indonesian cinnamon prices always increase, but not in line with export volume. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness, potential, and factors that influence cinnamon exports to the United States market. The focus of research on cinnamon commodities with HS code 090611 (Spices; cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), neither crushed nor ground) in the 2016-2021 period, this study uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, Export Product Dynamics (EPD), Diamond Porter's , X-Model Potential Export Product, and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the study show that Indonesia has comparative and competitive advantages, but it is necessary to evaluate the results of Diamond Porter's analysis which shows the lack of quality of labor, the lack of export destination countries, the decline in the area of land for Indonesian cinnamon production, the lack of the latest technology, and the lack of Indonesian cinnamon downstream industry activities. Indonesia is also in an optimistic market and has a significant relationship with cinnamon prices, population size, and the value of the rupiah exchange rate in major export destination countries.