Karakteristik Kayu Magnetik Hasil Impregnasi Nano Besi (II, III) Oksida atau Magnetit (Fe3O4)

Abstract

Kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) dan kayu mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) mempunyai kualitas yang inferior, sehingga diperlukan modifikasi kayu untuk memperluas pemanfaatan kayu cepat tumbuh ini, dengan menjadikannya kayu magnetik melalui impregnasi nano Fe. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik kayu magnetik hasil impregnasi nano Fe3O4 dan nano Fe3O4-FA serta menganalisis pengaruh impregnasi menggunakan nano Fe3O4 dan nano Fe3O4-FA terhadap kerapatan dan stabilias dimensi kayu. Larutan impregnasi terdiri dari tanpa perlakuan, 7,5% Fe3O4 serta 7,5%; 10%; 12,5% (Fe3O4-FA). Proses impregnasi dilakukan dengan diberi vakum 0,7 bar dan tekanan 3 bar selama 120 menit. Sampel diuji stabilitas dimensi dan kerapatan serta dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), dan Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan Fe3O4 dan Fe3O4-FA berpengaruh nyata terhadap stabilitas dimensi dan kerapatan kayu sengon dan kayu mangium. Terdapat lapisan Fe pada dinding kayu dan menutupi noktah kayu (analisis SEM dan SEM-EDX) dan terdapat Fe-O (analisis FTIR) pada kayu sengon maupun kayu mangium terimpregnasi. Analisis XRD mendeteksi adanya senyawa magnetit terutama pada kayu yang diberi perlakuan. Berdasarkan analisis VSM, kayu sengon dan mangium magnetik memiliki sifat superparamagnetik dan dianggap soft magnet. Secara keseluruhan, perlakuan 10% Fe3O4-FA menghasilkan peningkatan stabilitas dimensi dan kerapatan kayu sengon dan mangium yang optimal.

Sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) and mangium wood (Acacia mangium Willd.) have inferior quality, so that would modification is needed expand the fast-growing wood, by making it magnetic through nano Fe impregnation. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of magnetic wood impregnated with nano Fe3O4 and nano Fe3O4-FA and to analyze the effect of impregnation using nano Fe3O4 and nano Fe3O4-FA on the density and dimensional stability of wood. The impregnation solution consisted of untreated, 7,5% Fe3O4 and 7,5%; 10%; 12,5% (Fe3O4-FA). The impregnation process was initiated by a vacuum of 0,7 bar and a pressure of 3 bar for 120 minutes. Samples were tested for dimensional stability and density and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Diffraction X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). The results showed that the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-FA treatments had a significant effect on the dimensional stability and density of impregnated sengon and mangium wood. The presence of Fe in the wood cell wall and covers the wood pits (SEM and SEM-EDX analysis) and there is Fe-O (FTIR analysis) on the impregnated sengon and mangium wood. XRD analysis detects the presence of magnetite compounds, especially in treated wood. Based on VSM analysis, magnetic sengon and mangium wood have superparamagnetic properties and considered as soft magnet. Overall, 10% Fe3O4-FA treatment resulted in the optimal increase in dimensional stability and density of sengon and mangium wood treated.