Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Kacang Mete Indonesia di Pasar Internasional

Abstract

Kacang mete merupakan produk ekspor pertanian yang berkontribusi pada Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) sebesar 15,48%. Volume produksi kacang mete Indonesia dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir stabil dengan tren meningkat serta volume ekspor cenderung fluktuatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi pasar ekspor kacang mete Indonesia di pasar internasional periode 2011-2020. Metode yang digunakan yaitu RSCA, EPD, X-Model, dan Gravity Model. Hasil RSCA menunjukkan kacang mete Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di pasar Vietnam dan India, serta tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif di pasar RRT. Analisis EPD menunjukkan bahwa posisi kacang mete Indonesia di Vietnam dan India adalah falling star dan posisi lost opportunity di RRT. Hasil analisis X-Model menunjukkan Indonesia memiliki pasar potensial di Vietnam dan India, namun pasar kurang potensial di RRT. Variabel harga kacang mete Indonesia dan jarak ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan variabel PDB riil Indonesia, PDB riil negara tujuan, dan harga kacang mete Pantai Gading tidak signifikan terhadap perubahan ekspor kacang mete Indonesia.

Cashew nuts are an agricultural export product that contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 15.48%. The production volume of Indonesian cashew nuts in the last ten years has tended to be stable increasing trend and export volumes have tended to fluctuate. This study aims to analyze the potential of the Indonesian cashew nut export market in the international market for the 2011-2020 period. The methods used are RSCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity Model. RSCA shows that Indonesian cashew nuts have a comparative advantage in Vietnam and India, and do not have a comparative advantage in PRC. EPD shows that the position of Indonesia in Vietnam and India is a falling star and a lost opportunity position in PRC. X-Model shows that Indonesia has a potential market in Vietnam and India, but less potential market in PRC. The variable price of Indonesian cashews and economic distance has a significant effect, while the variables of Indonesia's real GDP, the real GDP of the destination country, and the price of Ivory Coast cashews have no significant effect on changes in cashew nut exports.