Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116003
Title: Strategi Pengembangan Manggis Tujuan Ekspor dalam Perspektif Pengembangan Wilayah di Kabupaten Bogor
Other Titles: Mangosteen Development Strategy for Export Destination in the Perspective of Regional Development in Bogor Regency
Authors: Pravitasari, Andrea Emma
Sahara
Hanafi, Muhamad
Issue Date: 2023
Publisher: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstract: Kabupaten Bogor adalah salah satu sentra terbesar manggis berkualitas ekspor. Produksi manggis nasional sebagian besar berasal dari Jawa Barat dan Kabupaten Bogor menyumbang 15,49 % manggis Jawa Barat pada tahun 2018. Akan tetapi, produksi manggis tersebut mengalami beberapa kendala seperti penurunan jumlah tanaman produktif, fluktuasi produksi dan kebun manggis yang belum tertata dengan baik. Selain itu, beberapa permasalahan pengembangan manggis di bagian hilir berupa rendahnya kualitas manggis dan lemahnya penanganan panen. Di sisi lain, kabupaten ini memiliki posisi strategis dan memiliki tanah non produktif luas yang dapat dimanfaatkan dengan lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis wilayah unggulan; ketersediaan dan kesesuaian lahan; rantai pasok; dan arahan serta strategi rencana pengembangan komoditas manggis tujuan ekspor di Kabupaten Bogor. Lokasi wilayah unggulan manggis dianalisis menggunakan metode Location Quotient- Dynamic Location Quotient (LQ-DLQ). Potensi ketersediaan dan kesesuaian lahan dianalisis menggunakan software sistem informasi geografis. Keragaan dan efisiensi rantai pasok manggis diuraikan menggunakan kerangka Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN), margin pemasaran, rasio keuntungan-biaya dan farmer’s share. Arahan wilayah pengembangan ditentukan menggunakan metode Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Sementara itu, strategi pengembangan manggis tujuan ekspor dipilih menggunakan metode Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Treatment (SWOT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Bogor memiliki potensi besar untuk pengembangan manggis. Kabupaten ini memiliki empat kecamatan unggulan dan empat kecamatan prospektif bagi komoditas manggis. Arahan wilayah unggulan terdiri dari Cigudeg, Leuwisadeng, Leuwiliang dan Klapanunggal. Arahan wilayah prospektif terdiri dari Jasinga, Nanggung, Sukamakmur dan Babakan Madang. Ketersediaan lahan untuk manggis seluas 70.097,5 ha dan didominasi oleh penggunaan lahan pertanian kering, hutan tanaman serta perkebunan. Kesesuaian lahan kelas S3(sesuai marginal) memiliki luas 54.925 ha dan kesesuaian lahan kelas S2 (cukup sesuai) memiliki luas 6.056,9 ha. Rantai pasok manggis terdiri dari saluran satu (petani–pedagang pengumpul kecil– pedagang pengumpul besar–eksportir); dan saluran dua (petani–pedagang pengumpul besar–eksportir). Kinerja rantai pasok secara kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa saluran dua lebih efisien dibandingkan saluran satu. Parameter margin pemasaran dan rasio keuntungan–biaya termasuk efisien. Sementara itu, bagian yang diterima petani pada seluruh saluran pemasaran sebesar 22,4 sampai 33 % dan masih belum efisien. Strategi pengembangan manggis menggunakan alternatif pendekatan SO (Strength Opportunity) dan WO (Weakness Opportunity) melalui pertumbuhan produksi dan peningkatan kualitas komoditas manggis tujuan ekspor.
Bogor Regency is one of the largest centers of export-quality mangosteen. Most of the national mangosteen production came from West Java, and Bogor Regency contributed 15,49 % of West Java mangosteen in 2018. However, the mangosteen production experienced several obstacles, such as a decrease in the number of productive plants, fluctuations in production, and mangosteen gardens that were not well organized. Some of the problems in developing mangosteen downstream are the low quality of the mangosteen and the weak handling of the harvest. On the other hand, this district has a strategic position and has a large area of non-productive land that can be utilized for mangosteen development. This study aims to analyze the leading areas, availability, suitability of land, supply chain, and strategy for developing mangosteen commodities for export in Bogor Regency. The location of the mangosteen seed area was analyzed using the Location Quotient-Dynamic Location Quotient (LQ-DLQ) method. Potential land availability and suitability were analyzed using geographic information system software. The performance and efficiency of the mangosteen supply chain are described using the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) framework, marketing margin, cost-benefit ratio, and farmer's share. The direction of the development area is determined using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Meanwhile, the mangosteen development strategy for export was chosen using the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Treatment (SWOT) method. The results showed that Bogor Regency has excellent potential for mangosteen development. This district has four leading sub-districts and four prospective sub-districts for mangosteen commodities. The leading sub-districts referrals include Cigudeg, Leuwisadeng, Leuwiliang, and Klapanunggal. The prospective sub-districts directions consist of Jasinga, Nanggung, Sukamakmur, and Babakan Madang. The availability of land for mangosteen is 70.097,5 ha and is dominated by dry agricultural land, plantation forests, and plantations. Land suitability class S3 (marginally appropriate) has an area of 54.925 ha, and land suitability class S2 (reasonably suitable) has an area of 6.056,9 ha. The mangosteen supply chain consists of channel 1 (farmers-small traders-prominent collectors-exporters) and channel 2 (farmers-prominent collectors-exporters). The supply chain performance quantitatively shows that channel 2 is more efficient than channel 1. The parameters of marketing margin and profit-cost ratio are efficient. Meanwhile, the share received by farmers in all marketing channels is 22,4-33% and is still inefficient. The mangosteen development strategy uses an alternative SO (Strength Opportunity) and WO (Weakness Opportunity) through production growth and improving the quality of the mangosteen commodity for export.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116003
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

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