Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/115882
Title: Bakteri Endofit asal Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Penghasil Metabolit Sekunder sebagai Agen Antioksidan dan Anti-aging
Other Titles: Endophytic Bacteria of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Leaves Producing Secondary Metabolites with Antioxidant and Anti-aging Agents
Authors: Astuti, Rika Indri
Wahyuni, Wulan Tri
Mubarik, Nisa Rachmania
Utami, Larasati Arum
Issue Date: 2023
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Penuaan merupakan hal yang pasti dialami oleh seluruh makhluk hidup. Namun, penuaan sering terjadi lebih awal karena hadirnya sumber pemicu seperti reactive oxygen species (ROS), radikal bebas, dan akumulasi advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Penuaan dini memberikan dampak signifikan pada sel jaringan dan memicu munculnya berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Antioksidan dan anti-aging merupakan senyawa yang mampu mencegah kerusakan dan penuaan sel. Sumber perolehan antioksidan dan anti-aging tersebar luas di alam. Tanaman cengkeh merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia yang diketahui memiliki beragam manfaat di bidang kesehatan. Perolehan senyawa aktif menggunakan tanaman secara langsung akan membutuhkan biomassa yang banyak dan mengurangi kelestarian tanaman tersebut di lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, pemanfaatan bakteri endofit menjadi hal yang menjanjikan. Informasi perolehan senyawa aktif berkhasiat anti-aging belum tersedia hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bakteri endofit cengkeh dan menentukan sifat anti-aging serta profil metabolit dari ekstrak yang sesuai. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu isolasi bakteri endofit, identifikasi bakteri endofit, penapisan melalui toleransi cekaman oksidatif, uji hemolisis, ekstraksi metabolit ekstraseluler dari isolat terpilih, analisis aktivitas antioksidan, aktivitas anti-aging dan aktivitas mitokondria. Identifikasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Gram dan secara molekuler dengan gen 16S rRNA. Aktivitas antioksidan dievaluasi secara in vitro dengan uji 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Aktivitas anti-aging dan mitokondria diuji pada tingkat sel menggunakan khamir Schizosaccharomyces pombe sebagai model. Enam isolat bakteri endofit cengkeh diisolasi menggunakan media yang mengandung H2O2 0,2 mM. Semua isolat adalah Gram Positif dan termasuk dalam genus Bacillus, Niallia, dan Cytobacillus. Isolat Bacillus cereus yang diisolasi dari daun cengkeh menggunakan media NA (B. cereus DCN1) ditemukan lebih tahan terhadap cekaman oksidatif kuat (>4mM H2O2), sehingga menunjukkan kemampuan isolat dalam menginduksi dan mengaktifkan respons cekaman oksidatif yang terkenal. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan tiga pelarut berbeda untuk memperluas kemungkinan perolehan senyawa aktif yang berkhasiat anti-aging. Ekstrak etil asetat DCN1 (EAN) dengan rendemen 1,423% menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan (scavenging) terbesar (>60%), sehingga dilanjutkan untuk analisis berikutnya. EAN memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 262,3 µg/mL. EAN memiliki potensi meningkatkan viabilitas S. pombe hingga hari ke-11 inkubasi. Konsentrasi EAN 50 µg/mL sudah mampu memperpanjang umur S. pombe lebih baik daripada perlakuan tanpa ekstrak. Berdasarkan analisis profil metabolit menggunakan LC-MS/MS, EAN mengandung gallic acid, (epi)-gallocatechin, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-o-(6"-malonyl-glucoside), dan rutin. Ekstrak mampu memperpanjang masa hidup khamir S. pombe, kemungkinan dengan meningkatkan aktivitas mitokondria untuk induksi pensinyalan mitokondria (adaptive-mitochondrial ROS signalling). EAN menunjukkan potensi anti-aging yang menjanjikan sebagai sumber dan formulasi produk biofarmasi atau kosmetik.
Aging naturally happens in all living organisms. However, aging often occurs earlier due to triggers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals, and advanced glycation end Products (AGEs) accumulation. Premature aging significantly impacts tissue cells and triggers the emergence of various degenerative diseases. Antioxidants and anti-aging are compounds that can prevent cell damage and aging. The source of the acquisition of antioxidants and anti-aging is widespread in nature. Clove plants are native to Indonesia and are known to have various health benefits. Obtaining active compounds using plants directly will require a lot of biomass and reduce the sustainability of these plants in the environment. Therefore, the use of endophytic bacteria is promising. Information on acquiring active compounds with anti-aging properties is not yet available. This study aimed to identify clove endophytic bacteria and determine the anti-aging properties as well as the metabolite profile of the corresponding extract. This research was conducted through several stages: isolation of endophytic bacteria, identification of endophytic bacteria, screening through oxidative stress tolerance, hemolysis tests, extraction of extracellular metabolites from selected isolates, analysis of antioxidant activity, anti-aging activity, and mitochondrial activity. Endophytic bacteria were identified by Gram staining and molecularly by the 16S rRNA gene. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Anti-aging and mitochondria activities were tested at the cellular level using the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model. Six isolates of clove endophytic bacteria were isolated using 0,2 mM H2O2-containing medium. All isolates were Gram Positive and belonged to the genera Bacillus, Niallia, and Cytobacillus. Bacillus cereus isolated from clove leaves using NA media (B. cereus DCN1) were found more viable against strong oxidative stress (>4mM H2O2), thus suggesting the ability of the isolate to induce and activate a notable oxidative stress response. Extraction was carried out using three different solvents to widen the possibility of obtaining active compounds with anti-aging properties. The ethyl acetate extract of DCN1 (EAN) with a yield of 1,423% showed the most significant scavenging activity (>60%), so it was continued for further analysis. EAN has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 262,3 µg/mL. EAN can potentially increase the viability of S. pombe up to day 11 of incubation. The EAN concentration of 50 µg/mL extended the life of S. pombe better than the treatment without the extract. Based on metabolite profiling analysis using LCMS/MS, the EAN contained gallic acid, (epi)-gallocatechin, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-o-(6"-malonyl-glucoside), and rutin. The extract can extend the life span of the yeast S. pombe, possibly by enhancing mitochondrial activity for the induction of mitochondrial (adaptive-mitochondrial ROS signalling). EAN shows anti-aging potential, which is promising as a source and formulation of biopharmaceutical or cosmeceutical products.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/115882
Appears in Collections:MT - Mathematics and Natural Science

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