Pemanfaatan Untrafine Bubbles (UFB) Water untuk Priming Benih Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Abstract

Priming adalah teknik hidrasi-dehidrasi benih untuk meningkatkan proses metabolisme sebelum perkecambahan untuk mempercepat perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan bibit dalam kondisi normal dan stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan UFB water sebagai upaya meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih sebelum tanam dan selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian mutu benih IPB, Indonesia. Penelitian terdiri dari dua percobaan yaitu priming UFB water untuk meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih buncis serta daya simpannya setelah priming. Priming menggunakan aquades, UFB water 8 ppm yaitu menggunakan oksigen dari ruangan dan UFB water 20 ppm menggunakan injeksi oksigen murni. Percobaan pertama disusun menggunakan (RAL) Rancangan acak lengkap dengan kombinasi perlakuan lot benih (L1: persentase daya berkecambah (DB) awal sekitar 80%, L2: DB awal sekitar 70%, dan L3: DB awal sekitar 60%) dengan priming (P0: tanpa priming/kontrol, P1: direndam aquades selama 60 menit, P2: aquades selama 120 menit, P3: UFB water 8 ppm selama 60 menit, P4: UFB water 8 ppm selama 120 menit, P5: UFB water 20 ppm selama 60 menit, P6: UFB water 20 ppm selama 120 menit). Percobaan kedua disusun menggunakan nested dengan faktor utama adalah kondisi ruang penyimpanan dan priming sebagai faktor kedua tersarang pada faktor utama. Faktor kondisi ruang penyimpanan terdiri dari KM: ruang kamar (suhu 28±5˚C, RH 73±7%) dan AC: ruang ber-AC (18±2 C, RH 61±7%). Faktor priming terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu P0: tanpa priming dan P1: priming dengan UFB water 20 ppm selama 120 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan priming dengan UFB water 20 ppm selama 120 menit sebagai perlakuan pra tanam dapat meningkatkan viabilitas benih buncis, khususnya benih dengan viabilitas awal rendah, dan benih buncis dengan viabilitas awal sekitar 80% tidak bisa dipertahankan viabilitasnya selama 16 minggu penyimpanan di ruang ber-AC maupun ruang kamar, kemungkinan dikarenakan kadar air benih sebelum simpan yang masih tinggi.

Priming is a seed hydration-dehydration technique of seed to improve metabolic processes before germination to accelerate germination, seedling growth under normal and stress conditions. This research is aimed to study the pretreatment using UFB water as an effort to increase viability and vigor of seeds before planting (pre-planting) and during storage (pre-storage). This research was conducted at the Laboratory of seed quality testing, IPB University, Indonesia. The research consisted of two experiments, i.e., UFB water priming to increase viability and vigor of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds and its storability after priming. Priming uses aquadest, UFB water 8 ppm which uses oxygen from the room and UFB water 20 ppm uses pure oxygen injection. The first experiment was arranged using a completely randomized design with a combination of seed lot treatments (L1: initial germination percentage (GP) about 80%, L2: initial GP around 70%, and L3: initial GP around 60%) with priming (P0: no priming/control, P1: soaked in distilled water for 60 minutes, P2: distilled water for 120 minutes, P3: UFB water 8 ppm for 60 minutes, P4: UFB water 8 ppm for 120 minutes, P5: UFB water 20 ppm for 60 minutes, P6: UFB water 20 ppm for 120 minutes). The second experiment was arranged using a nested design with the main factor being the condition of the storage space and priming as the second factor nested in the main factor. The storage room condition factors consisted of KM: room conditions (temperature 28±5˚C, RH 73±7%) and AC: air-conditioned room (18±2 ̊C, RH 61±7%). The priming factor consisted of two levels, namely P0: without priming and P1: priming with UFB water 20 ppm soaked for 120 minutes. The results showed that priming treatment with UFB water 20 ppm for 120 minutes as a pre-planting treatment can increase the viability of bean seeds, particularly for seeds with low initial viability, and primed bean seeds with initial viability of approximately 80% could not be maintained for 16 weeks of storage in an air-conditioned room or room temperature possibly because the seed content before storage was still high.