Anxiety, Depression, and Physical Activity during Covid-19 Pandemic Period in Indonesia

Abstract

Many have reported that covid-19 pandemic contributes to mental health issues. Therefore, this study aims to determine anxiety and depression in relation to physical activity in Indonesia during covid-19 pandemic. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Meanwhile, physical activity was assessed using an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Both instruments were presented in online form and distributed through social media in Bahasa Indonesia. Present findings show physical activity is associated with sex, age, marital and employment status, living area, and anxiety. Anxiety and depression are associated with each other, as well as with sex, age, marital and employment status, living area, and physical activity. Body Mass Index (BMI) is associated with depression exclusively. Recent research has shown that physical activity is inversely related to adverse mental health outcomes. Chronic illnesses such as covid-19 and existent mental health problems were common predictors of increased negative effects of anxiety and depression.

Banyak yang melaporkan pandemi covid-19 berkontribusi pada masalah kesehatan mental. Karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan cemas dan depresi terkait aktivitas fisik di Indonesia selama pandemi covid-19. Cemas dan depresi dinilai menggunakan skala Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD). Aktivitas fisik dinilai menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Kedua instrumen diberikan dalam bentuk formulir daring dan disebarluaskan melalui media sosial dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukkan aktivitas fisik berasosiasi dengan jenis kelamin, usia, status perkawinan dan pekerjaan, tempat tinggal, dan cemas. Cemas dan depresi berasosiasi satu sama lain, serta dengan jenis kelamin, usia, status perkawinan dan pekerjaan, area tempat tinggal, dan aktivitas fisik. Body Mass Index (BMI) hanya berasosiasi dengan depresi saja. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik berbanding terbalik dengan hasil kesehatan mental yang merugikan. Penyakit kronis seperti covid-19 dan masalah kesehatan mental bawaan adalah prediktor umum dari peningkatan efek negatif dari cemas dan depresi.