Hama Utama Tanaman Lada di Desa Dusun Besar, Kecamatan Pulau Maya, Kabupaten Kayong Utara, Kalimantan Barat

Abstract

Lada (Piper ningrum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor yang penting di Indonesia setelah karet, kopi, teh, dan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis hama utama tanaman lada dan kerusakan akibat serangannya di Desa Dusun Besar, Kecamatan Pulau Maya, Kabupaten Kayong Utara, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Juli 2021. Pengamatan hama tanaman lada dilakukan di enam kebun lada di daerah bukit di Desa Dusun Besar, yang masing-masing memiliki 50 tanaman lada dengan pemilik kebun yang berbeda. Hama utama yang menyerang tanaman lada adalah kumbang penggerek batang Lophobaris piperis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), kepik penghisap bunga Diconocoris hewetti (Hemiptera: Tingidae), dan kepik penghisap buah Dasynus piperis (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Tingkat kerusakan tertinggi disebabkan oleh serangan D. piperis yang mencapai 47,81%. populasi D. piperis banyak ditemukan pada kebun 1 yaitu sebanyak 120 ekor dan terendah pada kebun 4 yaitu sebanyak 55 ekor. Populasi D. hewetti paling banyak ditemukan pada kebun 4 yaitu 19 ekor dan paling rendah pada kebun 6 sebanyak 14 ekor. Rata-rata kelimpahan D. piperis pada bagian bawah 42,5, bagian tengah 37,5, dan bagian atas 12,8. Kelimpahan hama D. piperis pada bagian bawah dan tengah tidak berbeda nyata, tetapi keduanya nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pada bagian atas. Rata-rata kelimpahan D. hewetti rendah, dan tidak berbeda nyata antara tajuk bagian bawah, tengah, maupun atas. Kata kunci: hama utama, lada, pengamatan hama

Pepper (Piper ningrum L.) is one of export commodities that important in Indonesia after rubber, coffee, tea, and palm oil. This study was conducted to determine the main types of pepper pests and the damage caused by their attacks in Dusun Besar Village, Pulau Maya district, Kayong Utara Regency, West Kalimantan. Studies were conducted from March to July 2021 in the Dusun Besar. Observations of pepper plant pests were carried out in six pepper platations in the hill area of Dusun Besar Village, each with a total 50 pepper plants with different plantation owners. The main pest that attacks pepper plants were the stem borer Lophobaris piperis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the flower-sucking ladybug Diconocoris hewetti (Hemiptera: Tingidae), and the fruit-sucking ladybug Dasynus piperis (Hemiptera: Coreidae). The highest level of damage was caused by D. piperis attack, which reached 47.81%. The population of D. piperis was monthly found in plantation 1, which was 120 individuals and the lowest population was 55 individuals. The highest population of D. hewetti was found in plantation 4 with 19 individuals and the lowest in plantation 6 with 14 individuals. D. piperis averaged 42.5 at the bottom 37.5 and 12.8 at the top. The abundance of D. piperis at the bottom and middle was not significantly different, but both were higher than at the top. The average abundance of D. hewetti was at the bottom at 1.8, the center 2.5, and top at 1.2. The mean abundance of D. hewetti was low, and there was no significant difference between the lower, middle, and upper canopy. Keywords: main pests, pepper, pest observation