Hama dan Penyakit Bambu Hoki (Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast.) (Asparagales: Asparagaceae) di Kabupaten Sukabumi

Abstract

Bambu hoki merupakan tanaman hias dalam ruangan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tergolong prospektif. Informasi mengenai hama dan penyakit bambu hoki di Indonesia belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai hama dan penyakit serta insidensi dan keparahan penyakit penting pada tanaman hias bambu hoki di Kabupaten Sukabumi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga April 2022 di Desa Sudajaya Girang dan Klinik Tanaman IPB. Penelitian ini meliputi survei penentuan lokasi, wawancara kepada enam petani, pengamatan hama dan penyakit dengan diagonal sampling sebanyak 200 tanaman contoh, hama dan penyakit yang ditemukan kemudian diidentifikasi, laludihitung insidensi dan keparahan penyakit serta persentase dan intensitas serangan hama. Budi daya bambu hoki meliputi pengolahan tanah, penanaman, pemeliharaan tanaman, pemanenan, dan pengelolaan pascapanen. Hama pada bambu hoki yaitu keong semak (Bradybaena similaris), ulat penggulung daun (Bibasis sp.), dan kutu putih (Pseudococcus longispinus). Penyakit pada bambu hoki yaitu antraknosa (Colletotrichum sp.), busuk batang (Fusarium sp.), bercak daun Alternaria (Alternaria alternata), dan karat alga (Cephaleuros sp. dan Phycopeltis arundinacea). Insidensi dan keparahan penyakit antraknosa tertinggi berada di lahan B dengan rata-rata 64,2 dan 16,3%.

Lucky bamboo is an indoor ornamental plant with a prospective economic value. Information about pests and diseases of lucky bamboo in Indonesia has not been widely reported. The objective of the research was to obtain information on pests and diseases and the incidence and severity of important diseases in ornamental plant lucky bamboo in Sukabumi Regency. The research was carried out from February to April 2022 at Sudajaya Girang Village and Plant Clinic IPB. The research includes a survey of location determination, interviews with six farmers, observation of pests and diseases by diagonal sampling with 200 plant samples, pests and diseases found and identified, then calculated the incidence and severity of disease as well as the percentage and intensity of pest attacks. Cultivation of lucky bamboo includes tillage, planting, plant maintenance, harvesting, and post-harvest management. Pests on lucky bamboo are Asian trampsnail (Bradybaena similaris), leaf roller (Bibasis sp.), and mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus). Diseases on lucky bamboo are anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp.), stem rot (Fusarium sp.), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata), and algal rust (Cephaleuros sp. and Phycopeltis arundinacea). The highest incidence and severity of anthracnose was in field B with an average of 64,2 and 16,3%.