Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/113899
Title: Karakter Morfologi, Fisiologi dan Mekanisme Adaptasi Tanaman Padi Sistem Ratun Modifikasi Salibu (Modified Ratoon Salibu) di Indonesia
Other Titles: Morphological, Physiological Characters and Adaptation Mechanism of Paddy Rice Modified Ratoon "Salibu" In Indonesia
Authors: Junaedi, Ahmad
Sopandie, Didy
Sugiyanta, Sugiyanta
Purwono, Purwono
Zarwazi, Lalu Muhamad
Issue Date: 27-Jul-2022
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Usaha peningkatan produktifitas padi merupakan program utama setiap kabinet pemerintahan. Salah satunya adalah dengan peningkatan intensitas pertanaman (IP) melalui pemanfaatan ratun padi. Ratun (R) padi yang kemudian kita sebut sebagai ratun konvensional (conventional ratoon: RK) memiliki kendala, terutama pada hasil produksi yang masih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman utamanya. Ratun modifikasi salibu (RMS) yang merupakan sistem budi daya indigenous daerah Tanah Datar Sumatera Barat adalah salah satu sistem budi daya padi yang dapat meningkatkan IP. Percobaan telah dilakukan melalui 2 kegiatan utama yaitu. (1) Aspek percobaan pada perbaikan sistem budi daya RMS. Meliputi 3 tema yaitu a). Keragaan agronomis varietas padi pada RMS dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi varietas yang dapat digunakan untuk budi daya RMS. b). Keragaan produktivitas dan hasil varietas padi pada RK dan RMS dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi produksi antara RK dan RMS. c). Respon pemupukan nitrogen pada RMS bertujuan untuk mencari informasi terkait dosis optimum pemumpukan nitrogen pada RMS, (2). Penelitian aspek morfofisiologi sistem budi daya RMS, meliputi 3 tema yaitu: a) Studi tipe regenerasi tunas dan akar pada RMS, b). Studi dinamika pati dan gula pada RMS dan c). Studi kandungan dan persentase fitohormon pada RK dan RMS. Ke tiga tema pada aspek morfofisiologi bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait morfologi dan fisiologi padi pada sistem budi daya RMS. Percobaan keragaan agronomis varietas padi pada RMS dilakukan di Desa Tabek, Kecamatan Pariangan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar-Sumatera Barat pada musim tanam Oktober 2017- September 2018 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL). Percobaan menggunakan 14 varietas yang mewakili tipe padi hibrida, inbrida dan padi lokal, diulang 3 kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa 14 varietas memiliki kemampuan meratun (ratooning ability) yang berbeda, performa agronomis dan produksi padi tipe hibrida memiliki postur tinggi tanaman yang lebih tinggi dibanding Batang Piaman. Masing-masing varietas berbeda nyata pada variabel jumlah malai per rumpun, pada tanaman induk dan RMS 2, dan jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah isi dan bobot 1000 butir pada tanaman induk, RMS1 dan RMS2. Terdapat beberapa varietas yang sesuai untuk budi daya RMS yang mampu menghasilkan produksi yang setara dan atau lebih tinggi dari tanaman induk, antara lain varietas Batang Piaman (131.5%), Inpari 10 (109.5%), Inpari 43 green super rice (GSR) (105.9%), Inpari 19 (95.5%), Ketan Grendel (90.7%), dan Cisokan (101.4%). Percobaan keragaan produktivitas dan hasil varietas padi pada ratun (RK) dan ratun modifikasi salibu (RMS) telah dilakukan di Instalasi Kebun Percobaan (KP) Kuningan milik Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi (BBPadi) di Jawa Barat pada musim tanam Oktober 2018-September 2019. Menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan petak utama berupa 6 varietas (V) yaitu 1. Hipa 18, 2. Hipa 19, 3. Inpari 42 GSR, 4. Inpari 43 GSR, 5. IPB 3S dan 6. Batang Piaman. Anak petak berupa 2 teknik ratun yaitu 1. Ratun konvensional (RK) dan 2. Ratun modifikasi salibu (RMS). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan pada tanaman induk dipengaruhi oleh varietas. Kisaran penurunan dan penambahan tinggi tanaman pada RK dan RMS sangat dipengaruhi oleh genetik tanaman dan lingkungan. Diameter batang mempengaruhi kemampuan tanaman RK dan RMS untuk menopang tumbuh tegaknya tanaman. Varietas IPB 3S dan Batang Piaman merupakan varietas dengan ukuran diameter batang yang berbeda nyata dengan Inpari 43 dan Ketan Grendel. Produksi RMS generasi ke satu dan generasi ke dua (RMS1 dan RMS2) menunjukkan hasil gabah kering giling (GKG) yang lebih baik dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanaman induk dan Rrata-rata sebesar 93.8 % hingga 121.0%. Percobaan respon pemupukan nitrogen pada RMS. Percobaan dilakukan di KP Kuningan BBPadi, pada musim tanam April 2019 – Maret 2020. Menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan petak utama berupa empat varietas (V) yang terdiri dari: Inpari 43, 2. Batang Piaman, 3. Ciherang dan 4. Ketan Lokal Grendel. Anak petak yaitu 6 taraf dosis pemupukan nitrogen: 1. Kontrol, 2. 50% N dari dosis rekomendasi, 3. 75% N dari dosis rekomendasi, 4 100% N dari dosis rekomendasi, 5, 125% N dari dosis rekomendasi dan 6. 150% N dari dosis rekomendasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa variabel komponen hasil dipengaruhi oleh dosis nitrogen yang diaplikasikan antara lain pada persentase gabah isi per malai dan bobot 1000 butir. Varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa komponen hasil dan hasil GKG tanaman RMS 1 dan RMS 2 antara lain pada; persentase gabah isi per malai, total gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir gabah, jumlah gabah isi per malai, panjang malai, bobot gabah isi dan GKG. Pemupukan optimum didapatkan pada dosis 75% dari dosis rekomendasi. Percobaan aspek morfofisiologi dengan tema morfologi, fisiologi, kandungan pati, gula dan fitohormon pada RMS. Percobaan telah dilakukan di Rumah Kaca (RK) KP Sukamandi milik BBPadi pada Oktober 2017-September 2018. Menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan 2 vaietas yaitu Inpari 43GSR dan Batang Piaman. 2 sistem tanam yaitu RK dan RMS. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan morfologi dan tipe regenerasi tunas dan anakan RK dan RMS. Kemunculan tunas dan anakan pada RK dimulai dari buku teratas sisa pemotongan hingga buku kedua dan ketiga di bawahnya. Akar baru muncul dari buku tempat tunas baru tumbuh. Sedangkan pada RMS, tunas- anakan baru tumbuh dan muncul dari buku terbawah, dekat permukaan tanah hingga buku teratas, dekat titik pemotongan tunggul salibu. Akar baru muncul dan tumbuh mengikuti perkembangan jumlah daun dan anakan. Terdapat perbedaan jumlah dan total pati dan gula serta total hormon auksin dan sitokinin pada sistem RK dan RMS. Begitupun dengan tipe tumbuh tunas dan anakan pada RK dan RMS. Tinggi tanaman pada RMS 116% lebih tinggi dari RK dan 90% dari tanaman induk. Jumlah anakan tanaman RMS 122% lebih tinggi dari RK. Terhadap hasil dan komponen hasil ditunjukkan bahwa RMS lebih baik dari RK dengan dengan186.2% hasil GKG. Kandungan Hormon IAA dan sitokinin tertinggi dihasilkan pada saat panen dan pemotongan 7 hari setelah pemotongan RMS1. Hormon auksin tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan pemotongan jerami 7 hari setelah panen (P+7HSP RMS). Terutama pada Varietas Batang Piaman (0.186 ppm).
The efforts to increase rice productivity were the main program of every government. One of them is by increasing cropping intensity (CI) through the use of rice ratoons. The rice ratoon (R) which we later refer to as the conventional ratoon (CR) has problems, especially in terms of production yields which are still low when compared to the main crop. The modified ratoon salibu (MRS) which is an indigenous cultivation system in the Tanah Datar Regency of West Sumatera Province is one of the rice cultivation systems that can increase CI. Experiments have been carried out through 2 main activities namely. (1) Experimental aspects of improving the MRS cultivation system. Includes 3 themes, namely a). Agronomic performance of rice varieties on MRS to obtain information on varieties that can be used for MRS cultivation. b). Performance of productivity and yield of rice varieties on CR and MRS to obtain production information between CR and MRS. c). The response of nitrogen fertilization on MRS aims to find information related to the optimum dose of nitrogen fertilization on MRS, (2). Experimental on the morphophysiological aspects of the MRS cultivation system covers 3 themes, namely: a) Study of the shoot and root regeneration types in MRS, b). Study of dynamics of starch and sugar on MRS and c). Study of the content and percentage of phytohormones in CR and MRS. The three themes on the morphophysiological aspect aim to obtain information related to the morphology and physiology of rice in the MRS cultivation system. The experiment on the agronomic performance of rice varieties in MRS was carried out in Tabek Village, Pariangan District, Tanah Datar Regency-West Sumatera Province in the wet season of October 2017-September 2018 using a randomized completely block design (RCBD). The experiment used 14 varieties representing hybrid, inbred and local rice types, repeated 3 times. The experiment result showed that 14 varieties had different ratooning abilities, agronomic performance and rice production of hybrid type had higher plant height than Batang Piaman. Each variety was significantly different in the variable number of panicles per clump, on the main crop and MRS2, and the number of grains per panicle, percentage of grain content, and weight of 1000 grains on the main crop, MRS1, and MRS2. There are several varieties suitable for MRS cultivation that can produce production equivalent to and or higher than the main crop, including the Batang Piaman variety (131.5%), Inpari 10 (109.5%), Inpari 43 green super rice (GSR) (105.9% ), Inpari 19 (95.5%), Grendel Sticky Rice (90.7%), and Cisokan (101.4%). Experiments on productivity and yield performance of rice varieties on conventional ratoon (CR) and modified ratoon salibu (MRS) have been carried out at the Kuningan Experimental Installation (EI) belonging to the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) in West Java during the October 2018-September 2019 planting season. Using a split-plot design with the main plot of 6 varieties (V), namely 1. Hipa 18, 2. Hipa 19, 3. Inpari 42 GSR, 4. Inpari 43 GSR, 5. IPB 3S and 6. Batang Piaman. The sub-plots consisted of 2 ratoon techniques, namely 1. Conventional ratoon (CR) and 2. Modified ratoon salibu (MRS). The experimental results showed that the growth of plant height and number of tillers in the main crop was influenced by variety. The range of decrease and increase in plant height in CR and MRS is strongly influenced by plant genetics and the environment. Stem diameter affects the ability of CR and MRS plants to support plant growth. IPB 3S and Batang Piaman varieties were varieties with stem diameters that were significantly different from Inpari 43 and Grendel. The production of the first and second-generation MRS (MRS1 and MRS2) showed better and higher yields of dry milled grain (DMG) compared to the main crop and an average CR of 93.8% to 121.0%. Experimental on response to nitrogen fertilization on MRS. The experiment was carried out at Kuningan (EI) of BBPadi, during the planting season from April 2019–March 2020. Using a split-plot design with four main plots (V) consisting of Inpari 43 GSR, 2. Batang Piaman, 3. Ciherang and 4. Grendel local sticky rice. The sub-plots were 6 levels of nitrogen fertilization dose: 1. Control, 2. 50% N from the recommended dose, 3. 75% N from the recommended dose, 4 100% N from the recommended dose, 5, 125% N from the recommended dose and 6. 150% N of the recommended dose. The experimental results showed that the yield component variable was influenced by the applied nitrogen dose, the percentage of grain content per panicle, and the weight of 1000 grains. Varieties had a significant effect on several components of yield and yield of MRS1 and MRS2 DMG plants, including; the percentage of filled grain per panicle, total grain per panicle, the weight of 1000 grains of grain, number of filled grain per panicle, panicle length, the weight of filled grain and DMG. Optimum fertilization was obtained at a dose of 75% of the recommended dose. Experimental on morphophysiological aspects with the themes of morphology, physiology, starch, sugar, and phytohormones content in MRS. The experiment was carried out at BBPadi's EI Sukamandi Green House (GH) from October 2017-September 2018. Using a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 2 varieties, namely Inpari 43GSR and Batang Piaman. 2 cropping systems namely CR and MRS. The experimental results showed that there were differences in morphology and type of shoot and tiller regeneration of CR and MRS. The emergence of shoots and tillers on CR starts from the top node of the remaining cuttings to the second and third nodes below it. New roots emerge from the node where new shoots grow. Meanwhile, in MRS, new shoots grow and emerge from the lowest node, near the soil surface to the top node, near the cutting point of the salibu stump. New roots appear and grow following the development of the number of leaves and tillers. There are differences in the amount and total starch and sugar as well as the hormones auxin and cytokinin in the CR and MRS systems. Likewise with the type of growth of shoots and tillers in CR and MRS. Plant height at MRS was 116% higher than CR and 90% higher than the main crop. The number of tillers of MRS plants was 122% higher than CR. Regarding the results and components of the results, it was shown that the MRS was better than the CR with 186.2% of the DMG results. The highest content of IAA hormone and cytokinin was produced at harvest and cutting 7 days after MRS1 cutting. The highest auxin hormone was found in the straw cutting treatment 7 days after harvest (P+7HSP MRS). Especially on the Batang Piaman Stem Varieties (0.186 ppm)
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/113899
Appears in Collections:DT - Agriculture

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