Suplementasi Vitamin E pada Level Nutrisi Ransum yang Berbeda untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Mengatasi Cekaman Panas pada Ayam Lokal IPB-D3

Abstract

Ayam lokal IPB D3 merupakan ayam hasil persilangan antara jantan Pelung Sentul (PS) dengan betina Kampung Broiler (KB) dengan komposisi genetik masing-masing ayam 25%. Ayam IPB-D3 belum memiliki standar kebutuhan nutrisi ransum yang tepat sehingga perlu dilakukan uji coba menggunakan ransum SNI ayam buras 7783.1/2:2013 yang menjadi acuan kebutuhan nutrien ayam tersebut dengan memberikan perlakuan 10% lebih besar dari SNI. Penambahan >10% SNI dilihat dari komposisi darah ayam IPB-D3 yang memiliki unsur ayam rasnya, diduga pertumbuhan ayam IPB-D3 lebih tinggi dari ayam buras sehingga kebutuhan nutriennya juga tinggi. Indonesia merupakan daerah tropis yang secara umum memiliki suhu 23,4-36oC dan kelembapan 54,2-85,7%. Suhu optimal bagi ayam 18oC-28oC dan kelembaban ≤70%. Jika terjadi peningkatan suhu melebihi kondisi normal, maka ayam akan kesulitan membuang panas tubuhnya sehingga menyebabkan cekaman panas dan mengakibatkan pertumbuhan ayam menjadi terganggu, sehingga dibutuhkan antioksidan tambahan dalam ransum. Salah satu jenis suplemen yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antioksidan adalah vitamin E. Vitamin E berfungsi melindungi jaringan tubuh dari kerusakan oksidatif dan dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi vitamin E pada ransum berbeda terhadap performa, profil darah, persentase organ limfoid, kandungan MDA dan aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2020 sampai dengan Februari 2021 di Laboratorium Nutrisi Unggas, Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Penelitian menggunakan 160 ekor ayam lokal IPB-D3 masa grower (umur 5-8 minggu) sampai finisher (umur 9-12 minggu) dengan 16 unit percobaan. Perlakuan pakan yang diberikan adalah: ransum standar (R0E0), ransum dengan kandungan nutrien >10% SNI (R1E0), ransum standar+vit E 200 ppm (R0E1), dan ransum dengan kandungan nutrien >10% SNI+vit E 200 ppm (R1E1). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial (2x2) dengan 4 kali ulangan dengan faktor jenis pakan dan suplementasi vitamin E. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan jika ada perbedaan dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara jenis ransum dan suplementasi vitamin E terhadap kandungan malonaldehida daging dan aktivitas enzim katalase. Perlakuan ransum standar dengan ataupun tanpa vitamin E mampu menurunkan kadar MDA daging ayam, sedangkan ransum tanpa vitamin E dengan kandungan nutrien >10% SNI meningkatkan aktivitas katalase pada hati ayam. Jenis ransum dengan perlakuan >10% SNI mampu meningkatkan persentase organ timus. Suplementasi vitamin E 200 ppm meningkatkan persentase hemoglobin dan basofil, namun masih dalam kisaran normal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan ransum >10% SNI meningkatkan persentase organ timus, sedangkan suplementasi vitamin E 200 ppm meningkatkan persentase hemoglobin dan basofil. Ransum standar dengan ataupun tanpa vitamin E mampu menekan pembentukan MDA. Ransum tanpa vitamin E dengan kandungan nutrien >10% SNI mampu meningkatkan aktivitas katalase.

IPB D3 local chickens are chickens resulting from a cross between a male Pelung Sentul (PS) and a female Kampung Broiler (KB) with a genetic composition of 25% of each chicken. IPB-D3 chickens do not yet have an appropriate standard of ration nutritional requirements so it is necessary to conduct a trial using the SNI ration for native chickens 7783.1/2:2013 which is the reference for the nutritional needs of these chickens by giving 10% greater treatment than SNI. The addition of >10% SNI seen from the composition of the blood of IPB-D3 chickens which have elements of purebred chicken, it is suspected that the growth of IPB-D3 chickens is higher than that of native chickens so that the nutritional requirements are also high. Indonesia is a tropical area which generally has a temperature of 23,4- 36oC and a humidity of 54,2-85,7%. Optimal temperature for chickens 18oC-28oC and humidity 70%. If there is an increase in temperature beyond normal conditions, then the chicken will have difficulty dissipating body heat, causing heat stress and causing the growth of the chicken to be disrupted, so additional antioxidants are needed in the ration. One type of supplement that has antioxidant activity is vitamin E. Vitamin E functions to protect body tissues from oxidative damage and can increase immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation at different rations on performance, blood profile, lymphoid organ percentage, MDA content and antioxidant activity. The research was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 at the Poultry Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB. The study used 160 local IPB-D3 chickens from grower (age 5-8 weeks) to finisher (aged 9-12 weeks) with 16 experimental units. The feed treatments given were: standard ration (R0E0), ration with nutrient content >10% SNI (R1E0), standard ration+vit E 200 ppm (R0E1), and ration with nutrient content >10% SNI+vit E 200 ppm ( R1E1). The research design used was a factorial completely randomized design (2x2) with 4 replications with the type of feed factor and vitamin E supplementation. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there were differences, Duncan's further test was carried out. The results showed that there was an interaction between the type of ration and vitamin E supplementation on the malonaldehyde content of meat and the activity of the catalase enzyme. Treatment of standard rations with or without vitamin E was able to reduce MDA levels in chicken meat, while diets without vitamin E with nutrient content >10% SNI increased catalase activity in chicken liver. The type of ration with treatment >10% SNI was able to increase the percentage of the thymus organ. Vitamin E supplementation of 200 ppm increased the percentage of hemoglobin and basophils, but was still within the normal range. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the ration treatment >10% SNI increased the percentage of the thymus organ, while vitamin E supplementation of 200 ppm increased the percentage of hemoglobin and basophils. Standard rations with or without vitamin E were able to suppress the formation of MDA. The ration without vitamin E with nutrient content >10% SNI was able to increase catalase activity.