Daya Saing, Dinamika, dan Determinan Ekspor Sepatu Olahraga Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama

Abstract

Alas kaki merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia. Ekspor alas kaki Indonesia didominasi sepatu olahraga. Namun, Indonesia menghadapi persaingan ketat antar negara eksportir sepatu olahraga dan menurunnya pangsa pasar ke negara tujuan utama tahun 2018–2020. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis daya saing dan dikomparasikan dengan pesaing, dinamika, serta determinan ekspor sepatu olahraga Indonesia ke 10 negara tujuan utama periode 2011–2020. Metode penelitian ini yaitu RCA, EPD, X-Model, porter’s diamond dan regresi data panel. Hasil RCA menunjukkan sepatu olahraga Indonesia berdaya saing komparatif yang kuat. Hasil EPD menggambarkan posisi pasar rising star, falling star, dan retreat. Hasil X-Model menunjukkan pengembangan pasar optimis, potensial, dan kurang potensial. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan PDB riil Indonesia dan negara tujuan, harga, nilai tukar riil, daya saing, dan jarak ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor sepatu olahraga Indonesia. Hasil porter’s diamond menunjukkan daya saing kompetitif industri alas kaki Indonesia kuat berdasarkan pada sebagian besar faktor penting yang berpengaruh positif terhadap daya saing.

Footwear is Indonesia's leading export commodity. Indonesian footwear exports are dominated by sports shoes. However, Indonesia faced stiff competition and declined market share to the main destination countries in 2018–2020. The purposes of this study is to analyze competitiveness and compare with competitors, dynamics, and determinants of Indonesian sports shoe exports to 10 main destination countries for the period 2011–2020. The research methods are RCA, EPD, X-Model, porter's diamond and panel data regression. The RCA results showed that Indonesian sports shoes had strong comparative competitiveness. The EPD results described the rising star, falling star, and retreat market positions. X-Model results showed an optimistic, potential, and less potential market development. The panel data regression result showed that Indonesia's and destination countries real GDP, prices, real exchange rates, competitiveness, and economic distance had a significant effect on export volume of Indonesian sports shoes. The porter's diamond results showed that the competitive competitiveness of Indonesian footwear industry is strong, based on most of the fundamental factors had a positive effect on competitiveness.