Respon Kombinasi Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Hasil Panen Katuk (Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr.)

Abstract

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) adalah salah satu tanaman indigenous yang berpotensi untuk menjadi sayuran daun bernutrisi tinggi dan memiliki manfaat antibakteri, antianemia, antiinflamasi, memperlancar ASI, pewarna alami, serta ramuan obat tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon kombinasi pupuk organik dan anorganik pada produksi dan kualitas hasil panen tanaman katuk serta dosis optimumnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-November 2020 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktor Split Plot dengan pupuk urea sebagai petak utama dan pupuk kandang sebagai anak petak. Pupuk urea terdiri dari tiga taraf perlakuan, yaitu N1 (100 kg ha-1), N2 (200 kg ha-1), dan N3 (300 kg ha-1). Pupuk kandang terdiri dari dua taraf, yaitu P1 (20 ton ha-1) dan P2 (30 ton ha-1). Penelitian dilakukan dengan empat ulangan sehingga diperoleh enam kombinasi dengan 24 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi pupuk urea dan pupuk kandang pada peubah bobot daun layak konsumsi, bobot basah daun, bobot kering daun, dan bobot panen per petak. Kombinasi pupuk urea dan pupuk kandang pada N1P1 (100 kg ha-1 urea + 20 ton ha-1 pukan), N3P1 (300 kg ha-1 urea + 20 ton ha-1 pukan), dan N1P2 (100 kg ha-1 urea + 30 ton ha-1 pukan) terbukti meningkatkan bobot basah daun, bobot kering daun, dan bobot panen petak. Pada percobaan dengan dua kali pemanenan ini dapat menggunakan kombinasi N1P1 (100 kg ha-1 urea + 20 ton ha-1 pukan) untuk praktik budidaya katuk yang efisien dan hemat biaya.

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) is one of the indigenous plants that has the potential to become a leaf vegetable with high nutrition and has antibacterial, antianemic, anti-inflammatory benefits, facilitates breast milk, natural dyes, and traditional medicinal ingredients. This study aims to determine the response of the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the production and quality of katuk crop yields and the optimum dose. This research was conducted in June-November 2020 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Station, IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java. The experiment was carried out using a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with Split Plot factor with urea as the main plot and manure as the sub-plots. Urea fertilizer consisted of three treatment levels, namely N1 (100 kg ha-1), N2 (200 kg ha-1), and N3 (300 kg ha-1). Manure consists of two levels, namely P1 (20 tons ha-1) and P2 (30 tons ha-1). The study was conducted with four replications so that six combinations were obtained with 24 experimental units. The results showed that there was an interaction between urea fertilizer and manure on the variables of leaf weight suitable for consumption, leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, and harvest weight per plot. Combination of urea and manure in N1P1 (100 kg ha-1 urea + 20 tons ha-1 manure), N3P1 (300 kg ha-1 urea + 20 tons ha-1 manure), and N1P2 (100 kg ha-1 urea + 30 tons ha-1 manure) was shown to increase leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, and plot harvest weight. In this experiment with two harvests, a combination of N1P1 (100 kg ha-1 urea + 20 tons ha-1 manure) was used for an efficient and cost-effective katuk cultivation practice.