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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/113573
Title: | Senyawa dalam Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Jahe Indonesia dan Potensinya sebagai Antipenuaan Berdasarkan Kajian Penambatan Molekul |
Other Titles: | Compounds in Indonesian Ginger Rhizomes and Their Potency as an anti-Aging Based on Molecular Docking Study |
Authors: | Batubara, Irmanida Wahyuni, Wulan Tri Wahyudi, Setyanto Tri Asoka, Shadila Fira |
Issue Date: | 2022 |
Publisher: | IPB University |
Abstract: | Penuaan adalah kondisi kulit yang ditandai dengan munculnya kerutan dan
bintik hitam pada kulit. Selain itu, keelastisitasan kulit akan berkurang dan kulit
akan terasa kaku. Penuaan kulit disebabkan faktor intrinsik yang terdiri atas genetik,
hormon, jenis kelamin, dan perubahan kimia dalam tubuh serta faktor ekstrinsik
yang terdiri atas paparan polusi dan sinar ultraviolet (UV). Faktor-faktor tersebut
dapat menyebabkan penumpukan reactive oxygen species (ROS) dan advance
glycation end products (AGEs) pada kulit yang dapat menyebabkan munculnya
tanda penuaan. Produksi ROS dan AGEs dapat dihambat dengan senyawa yang
memiliki aktivitas antipenuaan yang terdapat di bahan alam, salah satunya adalah
jahe.
Jahe di Indonesia dibagi ke dalam tiga jenis, yaitu jahe gajah (Zingiber
officinale var. roscoe), jahe merah (Z. officinale var rubrum), dan jahe emprit (Z.
officinale var amarum). Bagian yang paling sering digunakan oleh masyarakat
adalah rimpangnya. Rimpang jahe mengandung senyawa atsiri seperti α zingiberena, kamfena, seskuifelandrena, dan bisabolena. Eksplorasi potensi
antipenuaan dalam minyak atsiri rimpang jahe masih terus dilakukan. Salah satu
metode yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan kajian penambatan molekul.
Penambatan molekul dapat memperkirakan aktivitas suatu senyawa (yang disebut
dengan ligan) dengan cara menambatkan ligan tersebut pada reseptor yang
diinginkan. Dalam penelitian ini, senyawa dalam minyak atsiri rimpang jahe
Indonesia diharapkan dapat menghambat kerja enzim kolagenase, hialuronidase,
elastase, dan tirosinase yang terlibat pada proses penuaan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa dalam tiga jenis minyak
atsiri rimpang jahe Indonesia (jahe gajah, jahe emprit, dan jahe merah)
menggunakan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) serta menentukan
potensi senyawa dan minyak atsiri rimpang jahe sebagai antipenuaan berdasarkan
kajian penambatan molekul. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas pemisahan dan analisis
senyawa serta studi penambatan molekul. Tahap pemisahan dan analisis senyawa
meliputi, preparasi rimpang jahe, isolasi minyak atsiri rimpang jahe, dan analisis
GC-MS, sedangkan studi penambatan molekul meliputi preparasi ligan, preparasi
reseptor, penambatan molekul, visualisasi kompleks ligan-reseptor, serta uji
Lipinski dan admetSAR.
Ketiga jenis minyak atsiri rimpang jahe Indonesia yang didapatkan berwarna
kuning dan beraroma khas, segar, dan tajam. Rendemen minyak atsiri jahe gajah,
merah, dan emprit berturut-turut 0,09; 0,24; dan 0,21% dari bobot basah. Analisis
GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa kandungan senyawa pada ketiga jenis minyak atsiri
rimpang jahe Indonesia tidak sepenuhnya berbeda karena ada kesamaan pola
pemisahan pada kromatogram dan hanya berbeda pada kelimpahannya saja.
Terdapat 72 senyawa terdeteksi dalam minyak atsiri rimpang jahe Indonesia.
Senyawa-senyawa tersebut tersebar ke dalam kelompok senyawa terpena (52
senyawa), terpenoid (15 senyawa), dan lainnya (5 senyawa). Ekaliptol adalah
senyawa paling melimpah dalam minyak atsiri rimpang jahe gajah (18,56%) dan
emprit (17,91%), sedangkan kamfena dalam minyak atsiri rimpang jahe merah
(15,21%). Semua senyawa yang teridentifikasi tersebut diuji aktivitas
antipenuaannya melalui kajian penambatan molekul.
Sebagian besar energi afinitas ligan uji memiliki besaran lebih negatif
dibandingkan ligan kristal tiap kompleks dan asam askorbat yang merupakan ligan
kontrol. Ligan α-kurkumena, α-zingiberena, dan β-seskuifelandrena memiliki
energi afinitas lebih negatif dibandingkan ligan uji lainnya. Visualisasi ketiga
senyawa tersebut menghasilkan persentase binding site similarity lebih dari 50%.
Ketiga senyawa tersebut juga lolos evaluasi sifat fisikokimia ligan berdasarkan
aturan Lipinski dan parameter admetSAR. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa α kurkumena, α-zingiberena, dan β-seskuifelandrena merupakan senyawa dalam
minyak atsiri rimpang jahe Indonesia yang paling berpotensi sebagai senyawa
antipenuaan. Ketiga senyawa tersebut memiliki kelimpahan yang tinggi pada
minyak atsiri rimpang jahe emprit. Oleh karena itu, minyak atsiri rimpang jahe
emprit adalah minyak atsiri rimpang jahe Indonesia yang paling berpotensi sebagai antipenuaan. Skin aging is a condition characterized by the appearance of wrinkles and dark spots on the skin. In addition, the elasticity of the skin will decrease and the skin will feel stiff. Skin aging is caused by intrinsic factors consisting of genetics, hormones, gender, and chemical changes in the body as well as extrinsic factors consisting of exposure to pollution and ultraviolet (UV) light. These factors can cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advance glycation end products (AGEs) on the skin which can cause signs of aging to appear. The production of ROS and AGEs can be inhibited by compounds that have anti-aging activity found in natural ingredients, one of which is ginger. Ginger in Indonesia is divided into three types, namely gajah ginger (Zingiber officinale var. roscoe), red ginger (Z. officinale var rubrum), and emprit ginger (Z. officinale var amarum). The most often used part by people is the rhizome. The ginger rhizome contains volatile compounds such as α-zingiberene, camphene, sesquiphellandrene, and bisabolene. The anti-aging potency exploration in ginger rhizome essential oil is still being carried out. One method that can be used is the study of molecular docking. Molecular docking can predict the activity of a compound (called a ligand) by attaching the ligand to the desired receptor. In this study, the compounds in Indonesia ginger rhizome essential oil are expected to inhibit the activity of collagenase, hyaluronidase, elastase, and tyrosinase enzymes involved in the aging process. This study aimed to identify compounds in three types of Indonesian ginger rhizome essential oil (gajah, emprit, and red ginger) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and determined the potential of compounds and ginger rhizome essential oil as anti-aging based on molecular docking study. The research stages consisted of separation and analysis of compounds as well as molecular docking study. Separation and analysis of compounds included preparation of ginger rhizome, isolation of ginger rhizome essential oil, and GC-MS analysis, while molecular docking study included preparation of ligands, preparation of target proteins, molecular docking, visualization of ligand-receptor complexes, as well as Lipinski and admetSAR tests. The three types of Indonesian ginger rhizome essential oils obtained were yellow in color and had a distinctive, fresh, and pungent aroma. The yield of gajah, red, and emprit ginger essential oil were 0.09; 0.24; and 0.21% based on the wet weight, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed that the compounds in the three types of Indonesian ginger essential oils were not completely different because there were similar separation patterns on the chromatograms and only different in abundances. There were 72 compounds detected in Indonesian ginger rhizome essential oil. These compounds were divided into the terpene group (52 compounds), terpenoids group (15 compounds), and others (5 compounds). Eucalyptol was the most abundant compound in gajah ginger rhizome essential oil (18.56%) and emprit (17.91%), while camphene in red ginger rhizome essential oil (15.21%). All of these identified compounds were tested for their anti-aging activity through molecular docking study. Most of the test ligands’ affinity energy were more negative than the crystal ligand for each complex and ascorbic acid which was the control ligand. The α-curcumene, α-zingiberene, and β-sesquiphellandrene had more negative affinity energy than the other test ligands. Visualization of three compounds resulted the percentage of binding sites similarity more than 50%. Those three compounds also passed the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of the ligands based on Lipinski rules and admetSAR parameters. These results indicate that α-curcumene, α-zingiberene, and β-sesquiphellandrene were compounds in Indonesian ginger rhizome essential oil that had the most potential as anti-aging compounds. These three compounds had a high abundance in the emprit ginger rhizome essential oil. Therefore, emprit ginger rhizome essential oil was the Indonesian ginger rhizome essential oil that had the most potential as an anti-aging. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/113573 |
Appears in Collections: | MT - Mathematics and Natural Science |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cover, Ringkasan, Lembar Pengesahan, Prakata dan Daftar Isi.pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 1.26 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Shadila Fira Asoka_G4501211028.pdf Restricted Access | Fullteks | 1.85 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Lampiran.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 711 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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