Faktor Risiko Stunting Anak Usia 18-24 Bulan

Abstract

Stunting is a condition that describes stunted growth as a result of long-term malnutrition. Based on the World Bank (2018), as many as 22.2% of children under five in the world experience stunting. Basic Health Research 2018 data shows the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 30.8%. The results of the Indonesian Nutritional Status Study how the prevalence of stunting in West Java is 24.5%. Bogor is one of the areas in West Java where stunting or stunting is still found with a prevalence of 16.9%. Research related to stunting risk factors has been widely carried out in several regions in Indonesia, but research related to stunting risk factors using Child Growth Cohort Study data has never been carried out. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to analyze the risk factors for stunting in children aged 18-24 months. The specific objectives are 1) To examine linear growth disorders (stunting) in children aged 18-24 months; 2) To analyze non-consumption risk factors, including: sociodemographic, economic and health characteristics with stunting children aged 18-24 month; 3) To analyze dietary diversity with stunting children aged 18-24 months; 4) Analyzing the factors that influence stunting children aged 18-24 months. The design of this research is nested case-control, using secondary data from “Cohort Study of Child Development in 2012-2017” which was carried out by the Agency for Research and Development of Public Health Careers, Agency for Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. The data analyzed in this study were sociodemographic, economic and health characteristics in the form of gender, birth weight, birth length, mother's education, mother's knowledge, family income, history of breastfeeding, mother's height, eating patterns, health care patterns, history of breastfeeding. infectious diseases in the form of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as well as the diversity of food consumption. Data on sex, birth weight, birth length, maternal education and maternal height were taken at one measurement point at baseline. Exclusive breastfeeding data was taken at one measurement point when the child was 6 months. Data on history of infectious diseases (diarrhea and ARI) were seen for a period of 17 months. Nutritional status was measured at the age range of 18-24 months. Data on maternal parenting patterns (eating and health care) were taken at one measurement point at 17 months. The consumption data in this study were observed at four measurement points, namely 6,9,12 and 18 months of age. However, in this study, the researchers simplified the measurement of consumption data into two measurement points, namely measurement one in the form of the average consumption of children aged 6 and 9 months, and measurement two the average consumption of children aged 12 and 18 months. The basis for consideration is grouping into two measurement points because based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there was no difference in the consumption of children aged 6 and 9 months, as well as children aged 12 and 18 months. Consumption diversity was measured using the Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) instrument with 8 food groups. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Logistic Regression. The results showed that 73.3% of the subjects were female, born with a weight of 3000 g (73.3%) and a birth length of <50 cm (71.1%). The majority of the subjects had mothers with low levels of education (junior high school / below junior high school), lack of knowledge and low family income. On average, the subjects never had diarrhea but had Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) more than three times. Most of the children in this study were not exclusively breastfed. On average, children have mothers of normal height and have good health care. The feeding pattern in this study was classified as poor. The average child does not eat a variety of foods. There is a significant relationship between gender and stunting children aged 18-24 months (p<0.05). Birth length also showed a significant relationship with stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p<0.05). There is a relationship between mother's knowledge and stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p<0.05). Family income also showed a significant relationship with stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between maternal height and stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p<0.05). Parenting eating patterns showed a significant relationship with stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p<0.05). At two points of consumption data measurement there was a relationship between the diversity of food consumption in measurement one and stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p<0.05). Mother's education in this study did not show a significant relationship with stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p>0.05). Exclusive breastfeeding did not show an association with stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p>0.05). Similarly, the pattern of health care also did not show a significant relationship with stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p>0.05). This is because the average child has a good health care pattern. There was no relationship between diarrhea and stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p>0.05). This is presumably because most children never get sick with diarrhea. The ARI variable did not show a significant relationship with stunting in children aged 18-24 months (p>0.05). The results of the final analysis showed mother's knowledge was a risk factor for stunting in children aged 18-24 months (OR=5.03;95%CI:1.16-21.75). Children who have mothers with less knowledge are at risk 5.03 times to become stunted. Mother's education is a risk factor for stunting in children aged 18-24 months (OR=3.24 ;CI:1.03-10.17). The results of the analysis also show that parenting is one of the risk factors for stunting in children aged 18-24 months (OR=5.64;CI:1.49-21.30). Those who have a history of eating parenting are 5,64 times less risky to grow into stunting than children who have a history of good eating parenting. Therefore, it is hoped that mothers who play a major role in caring for children can pay more attention to the parenting provided, especially parenting eat and there is a need for counseling or education to mothers regarding proper feeding practices for children as well as hygiene and sanitation practices so that children avoid infectious diseases.