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Title: | Analisis Histokimia dan Profil Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan Obat Akar Kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.) |
Authors: | Ratnadewi, Diah Sulistyaningsih, Yohana Caecilia Widuri, Septina Asih |
Issue Date: | 2022 |
Publisher: | IPB University |
Abstract: | Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. (Menispermaceae) merupakan liana berkayu yang
dikenal dengan nama akar kuning. Tumbuhan ini dimanfaatkan sebagai obat
tradisional untuk menyembuhkan sakit kuning, malaria, dan hipertensi. Ekstrak
akar dan batang F. tinctoria menunjukkan potensi antimalaria, antibakteri,
antitumor, antioksidan, antikanker, antidiabetes, antiradang, dan hepatoprotektor.
Akar dan batang merupakan bagian utama yang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat
sedangkan organ lain seperti daun belum digunakan. Padahal pengambilan bagian
akar memusnahkan tanaman tersebut, sehingga dapat mengancam populasinya di
alam. Penelitian F. tinctoria masih berfokus pada bioaktivitas metabolit sekunder,
sedangkan informasi tentang struktur sekretori dan lokasi metabolit sekunder pada
tingkat sel atau jaringan masih terbatas, demikian pula dengan informasi komposisi
kimia metabolitnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi struktur sekretori dan
lokasi keberadaan golongan utama metabolit sekunder pada akar, batang dan daun
F. tinctoria menggunakan analisis histokimia, serta mengidentifikasi metabolit
sekunder menggunakan pendekatan metabolomik dengan LC-MS/MS, untuk
mengetahui senyawa kimia yang diduga berpotensi sebagai obat pada kelompokkelompok
metabolit sekunder tersebut.
Analisis histokimia menggunakan reagen spesifik untuk alkaloid, fenolat,
terpenoid, dan lipofilik pada sayatan segar organ akar, batang, dan daun F. tinctoria
yang diperoleh secara manual dengan silet. Pengamatan struktur sekretori
menggunakan mikroskop cahaya yang dilengkapi kamera Optilab. Identifikasi
senyawa menggunakan LC-MS/MS dan perangkat lunak MS DIAL ver 3.82 lalu
hasilnya dibandingkan dengan in-house database.
Struktur sekretori yang ditemukan adalah sel idioblas yang tersebar pada akar,
batang, dan daun, serta latisifer pada batang. Sel idioblas mengandung senyawa
alkaloid, fenolat, terpenoid, dan lipofilik, sedangkan latisifer hanya menyimpan
alkaloid. Keberadaan metabolit sekunder juga ditemukan pada jaringan xilem,
palisade, ruang antarsel, dan lapisan kutikula. Metabolit yang teridentifikasi pada
ekstrak akar, batang, dan daun F. tinctoria sebanyak 56 senyawa, yang didominasi
oleh golongan alkaloid. Senyawa dari golongan fenolat, terpenoid, dan steroid juga
teridentifikasi. Beberapa senyawa belum pernah dilaporkan, misalnya coclaurine
yang berpotensi dalam industri kosmetik sebagai antimelanogenesis, dan
amritoside C yang berpotensi sebagai anti SARS-Cov-2. Keberadaan struktur
sekretori dan metabolit berpotensi obat pada daun membuka peluang pemanfaatan
organ daun sebagai sumber alternatif metabolit sekunder selain akar dan batang,
agar pelestarian populasi F. tinctoria dapat terjamin. Fibraurea tinctoria Lour (Menispermaceae) is a woody liana known as yellow root. This plant is a traditional medicine to cure jaundice, malaria, and hypertension. The root and stem extract of F. tinctoria showed bioactivities such as antimalarial, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and hepatoprotective. Roots and stems are the main parts used as medicinal ingredients, while other organs such as leaves have not been used. Taking portion of the roots, however, kills the plant, endangering the plant population in nature. Research on F. tinctoria still focuses on the bioactivity of secondary metabolites. In contrast, information on the secretory structure and location of secondary metabolites at the cell or tissue level is still limited as well as information on the chemical composition of the metabolites. This study aims to explore the secretory structure and location of the major group of secondary metabolites in the roots, stems, and leaves of F. tinctoria using histochemical analysis, as well as identify secondary metabolites using a metabolomic approach with LC-MS/MS, to determine chemical compounds that are thought to have potential as drugs in these secondary metabolites. Histochemical analysis using various specific reagents was performed on freehand sections of the fresh organs to detect alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, and lipophilic compounds. Observations of secretory structures were carried out using light microscopy. Identification of metabolites using LC-MS/MS and MS DIAL ver 3.82 software together with an in-house database. The secretory structures found were idioblast cells scattered in roots, stems, and leaves, whereas laticifers are found in stems. Alkaloid, phenolic, terpenoid, and lipophilic compounds were detected in idioblast cells, while laticifers only contained alkaloids. Secondary metabolites were also found in the xylem tissues, palisade, intercellular space, and the cuticle layer. There were 56 compounds among the metabolites found in the root, stem, and leaf extracts of F. tinctoria, with the alkaloid group predominating. Phenolic, terpenoid, and steroid compound groups were also identified. Some compounds have never been reported, for example, coclaurine, which has potential in the cosmetic industry as a melanogenesis inhibitor, and amritoside C, which has potential as anti-SARS-cov- 2. The presence of secretory structures and potential medicinal metabolites in leaves could broader the utilization of the organ as an alternative source of secondary metabolites instead of roots and stems, in order to keep F. tinctoria population sustainable in their habitat. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/113450 |
Appears in Collections: | MT - Mathematics and Natural Science |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cover.pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 1.26 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
G353180011_Septina Asih Widuri.pdf Restricted Access | Fullteks | 5.8 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Lampiran.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 351.72 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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