Analisis Sikap, Preferensi dan Kepuasan Petani terhadap Atribut Traktor Roda Empat di Provinsi Banten dan Jawa Barat

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries with a very low level of agricultural mechanization when compared to neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Thailand, where in 2015 the level of agricultural mechanization in Malaysia was 2.4 HP/ha, Thailand 2.5 HP/ha, and Indonesia 0 ,5 HP/ha. Agricultural mechani-zation in Indonesia has experienced significant growth in the last five years, this can be seen from the level of mechanization which has increased to 236 percent in 2018, which is 1.68 HP/ha. This condition occurs because of the agricultural modernization program through mechanization which continues to be carried out intensively by the Ministry of Agriculture by providing agricultural tools and machinery to farmers. Agricultural mechanization is one of the government's efforts to increase national food production and productivity. Population growth that continues to increase has an impact on the large demand for food, especially rice as a staple food in Indonesia, which continues to increase from year to year. Through the assistance program for agricultural tools and machinery, it is hoped that farmers will be able to increase their production and productivity so that farmers' welfare will increase, and food self-sufficiency will be achieved as a national one. The budget for assistance for agricultural tools and machinery continues to increase every year, especially four-wheel tractor engines which have the largest budget value due to the high price of these machines. Based on the brand, some of the four-wheel tractors that are most widely used by farmers are the Ku-bota L3800, Quick A360, and Yanmar EF393T. The increase in assistance for agricultural tools and machinery has not been in line with the increase in rice production and productivity at the farmer level. This condition can be seen from data on rice production and productivity in Indonesia, which has not increased as expected. The use of agricultural tools and machines such as four-wheel tractors by farmers has not been carried out optimally, because farmers face various chal-lenges in using these machines in the field. Demographic, social, economic and cultural conditions affect farmers' attitudes towards the agricultural tools and machines they use. The attitude of farmers regarding the attributes of the four-wheel tractor they use will be different from one another, therefore researchers want to know how the attitude of farmers towards the attributes of the four-wheel tractor they use will be known through the results of attitude analysis. This study also wants to know the preferences and satisfaction of farmers with the attributes of the four-wheel tractor they use. Based on the description above, the objectives of this study are: (1) analyzing farmers' attitudes towards the attributes of four-wheel tractors, (2) analyzing farmers' preferences for four-wheel tractors, (3) analyzing farmers' satisfaction with the attributes of four-wheel tractors. The research was conducted in two provinces, namely Banten and West Java, where the determination of the location and research respondents was car-ried out purposively. Data collection was carried out in March-May 2021, the research respondents were rice farmers who had used four-wheel tractors with the Kubota L3800, Quick A360 and Yanmar EF393T brands, a total of 120 peo-ple. The data processing in the research was carried out qualitatively and quanti-tatively. Data processing qualitative with descriptive analysis method is used to describe the characteristics of respondents, attitudes of respondents by tabulating the data simply. Quantitative analysis is used to analyze the importance and per-formance of each attribute and to analyze consumer satisfaction and preferences. Data analysis was carried out using fishbein multi-attribute analysis to see con-sumer attitudes towards four-wheel tractor attributes, conjoint analysis to deter-mine consumer preferences and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Im-portance Performance Analysis (IPA) to determine consumer satisfaction with four-wheel tractor attributes. Based on the results of attitude analysis with multi-attribute fishbein, it shows that the four-wheel tractor Quick A360 brand as a whole gets a higher val-ue than Kubota L3800 and Yanmar EF393T, so it can be interpreted that re-spondents prefer Quick A360. The results of the perception map show that the Quick A360 has superior attributes, namely, ease of operation, well-known brands, economic life, tractor prices, spare parts availability, spare parts prices, tractor rental prices, easy to contact technicians, and exhibitions. The attributes that are rated low are engine power and warranty. The results of the conjoint analysis show that respondents have a prefer-ence for four-wheel tractors with a rental price of Rp. 900,000/ha, fuel consump-tion of 11.5 liters/ha, working speed of 4.5 km/hour, 39 HP engine power, and disc plow implements. The results of the customer satisfaction index (CSI) anal-ysis show that consumers have higher satisfaction with the Quick A360 brand tractor with the greatest satisfaction value compared to Kubota L3800 and Yanmar EF393T. Important performance analysis (IPA) analysis shows that there are prod-uct attributes that are in quadrant I for each brand of four-wheel tractor, where quadrant I is the quadrant where the main priority for repairs is. The attributes of the Kubota L3800 which are in quadrant I are the availability of spare parts, the price of spare parts, the price of the tractor, and the technician is easy to contact. The Quick A360 attributes which are in quadrant I, namely the availability of spare parts, the price of spare parts, and technicians are easy to contact, and the Yanmar EF393T attributes which are in quadrant I, namely the availability of spare parts, the price of spare parts, the price of the tractor, and the technician is easy to contact. Suggestions that can be given based on research results include improving the availability of spare parts through the proliferation of product distributors in various regions, increasing innovation so as to create spare parts at more afford-able prices, especially for Quick A360 products which are domestic products so that they can compete with imported products, as well as improvements in the ease of contacting technicians in the field. These improvements are expected to increase consumer satisfaction in using four-wheel tractors. As for suggestions that can be given to the government in an effort to support the running of the program better, among others, the need for a better mapping of areas related to the recipients of four-wheel tractor assistance, the importance of making a train-ing program on the use and effective maintenance of four-wheel tractors so that the utilization of these machines can be used. done to the maximum. The gov-ernment must properly monitor and evaluate the four-wheel tractor assistance program in the field, so that various problems in the field can be found a solution more quickly.