Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/111980
Title: Evaluasi Karakter Vegetatif Beberapa Genotipe Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Other Titles: Evaluation of Vegetative Character of Several Sugarcane Genotypes (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Purwono, Purwono
Susanto, Slamet
Mulya, Pandu Swassono Jati
Issue Date: 7-Jun-2022
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Di Indonesia, kendala utama dalam pengembangan tanaman tebu di lahan kering adalah rendahnya produktivitas tanaman. Pemanfaatan varietas unggul tebu yang memiki ketahanan terhadap kekeringan dengan rendemen tinggi dilaporkan dapat menekan kehilangan hasil 70% dan meningkatkan pendapatan petani sebesar 20% serta dapat mendukung program swasembada gula nasional. Dengan latar belakang tersebut diatas, sejak tahun 2011 para peneliti di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (BALITTAS) telah melakukan program perakitan varietas unggul baru tebu tahan kering dengan rendemen tinggi dan lebih tahan terhadap hama penyakit utama, khususnya hama penggerek dan penyakit luka api. Program ini melibatkan persilangan antar tetua unggul nasional, salah satunya POJ 2878, yang dikenal sebagai wonder cane. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif beberapa klon-klon hasil persilangan varietas POJ 2878 dengan varietas Bululawang (BL), klon SIL 04 dan klon HCW 6535 dengan masing-masing tanaman induk jantan berjumlah 2 tanaman dan total dari tanaman induk berjumlah 6 tanaman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis Malang, dari bulan Februari sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Perlakuan terdiri dari 24 klon hasil persilangan tahun 2019, dengan pembanding varietas POJ 2878. Penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 ulangan. Ukuran petak adalah 5 m x 2 m. Masing-masing klon tebu ditanam dalam petakan yang terdiri atas 2 juring sepanjang 5 m dengan jarak PKP (dari pusat ke pusat juring) sepanjang 1,1 m. Bibit berupa budchip dengan 1 mata tunas. Setiap petak terdapat 10 bibit untuk tiap juring yang merupakan ulangan, sehingga populasi tanaman seluruh satuan percobaan sebanyak 500 tanaman. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah tanaman perumpun, jumlah ruas, panjang ruas, panjang batang, panjang dan lebar daun, klorofil daun, dan pengamatan kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh dianilis menggunakan analisis t-student dan analisis dendogram. Hasil analisis t-student menunjukkan hasil persilangan dengan keberagaman yang fluktuatif sedangkan untuk hasil analisis dendogram menunjukan bahwa klon-klon hasil persilangan antara POJ 2878 dengan beberapa klon unggul memiliki keragaman yang tinggi terkait karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan evaluasi secara terpadu, diperoleh 5 nomor genotipe yang potensial karena lebih baik dari tetua POJ 2878, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk dievaluasi lebih lanjut, yaitu MLG19/P5/2, MLG19/P5/15, MLG19/P5/20, MLG19/P5/33 dan MLG19/P5/46.
In Indonesia, the main obstacle in developing sugarcane in dry land is the low productivity of the plant. Utilization of high yielding sugarcane varieties that have drought resistance with high yields is reported to be able to reduce yield loss by 70% and increase farmers' income by 20% and can support the national sugar self-sufficiency program. With the above background, since 2011 researchers at the Research Institute for Sweeteners and Fibers (BALITTAS) have carried out a program of assembling new high yielding varieties of dry-resistant sugarcane with high yields and more resistant to major pests, particularly borers and smuts. This program involves a cross between superior national elders, one of which is POJ 2878, which is known as the wonder cane. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of qualitative and quantitative characters of several clones resulting from crossing the POJ 2878 variety with the Bululawang (BL) variety, SIL 04 clone and HCW 6535 clone with 2 male parent plants each and a total of 6 parent plants. plant. This research was carried out at the Karangploso Experimental Garden, Malang Sweetener Research Institute, from February to August 2021. The treatments consisted of 24 clones from crosses in 2019, with the comparison of varieties POJ 2878. The study was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 replications. . The plot size is 5 m x 2 m. Each sugarcane clone was planted in a plot consisting of 2 rows of 5 m long with a PKP distance (from center to center of the grid) of 1.1 m. Seedlings in the form of budchip with 1 bud. Each plot contained 10 seeds for each section which was replicated, so that the plant population of the entire experimental unit was 500 plants. Parameters observed included plant height, stem diameter, number of clumps of plants, number of internodes, internode length, stem length, leaf length and width, leaf chlorophyll, and qualitative observations. The data obtained were analyzed using t-student analysis and dendogram analysis. The results of the t-student analysis showed the results of crosses with fluctuating diversity, while the results of the dendogram analysis showed that the clones from crosses between POJ 2878 and several superior clones had high diversity in terms of qualitative and quantitative characters. Based on an integrated evaluation, 5 potential genotipe numbers were obtained because they are better than the parent POJ 2878, so it can be recommended for further evaluation, namely MLG19/P5/2, MLG19/P5/15, MLG19/P5/20, MLG19/P5/ 33 and MLG19/P5/46.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/111980
Appears in Collections:UT - Agronomy and Horticulture

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