Evaluasi daya hasil dan ketahanan tomat terhadap pecah buah di dataran rendah

Abstract

Pecah buah adalah gangguan fisiologis yang umum terjadi pada budidaya tomat dataran rendah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji daya hasil tomat generasi M7 di lapang serta identifikasi pecah buah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2020. Genotipe yang diuji terdiri atas 10 galur M7 dan 2 pembanding. Terdapat 5 galur yang tahan atau sangat tahan terhadap pecah buah dan potensi hasil sama dengan varietas pembanding, yaitu galur M7/495 Lombok 1/9-2-8 (L1), M7/495 Lombok 4/1-3-6 (L2), M7/990 Lombok 2/2-2-6 (L3), M7/495 STBGL/ 2-3-7 (S1), dan M7/990 Lombok 1/9-5-8 (L4). Galur yang memiliki produktivitas paling tinggi adalah galur M7/495 Kefamino 6/1-3-7 (Kf), namun rentan terhadap pecah buah. Galur M7/990 Lombok 1/9-5-8 (L4) memiliki bobot buah paling tinggi dan tahan terhadap pecah buah. Galur M7/495 Lombok 4/1-3-6 (L2) memiliki nilai Indeks pecah (IPB) buah sebesar 0,00%, sedangkan galur M7/495 GL 2-8-10 (G), M7/990 STBGL/1-9-4 (S2), M7/495 Kefamino 6/1-3-7 (Kf), M7/990 Kudamati/1-9-4 (Ku), dan M7/495 Kemir/4-7-4 (Km) rentan terhadap pecah buah dengan nilai nilai Indeks pecah buah (IPB) sebesar 18,89-39,36%.

Fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder in lowland tomato cultivation. The aim of the study was to test the yield of M7 generation tomatoes in the field and to identify fruit cracking. This research was conducted at the Leuwikopo Experimental Garden of IPB, Dramaga, Bogor from January to May 2020. The tested genotypes consisted of 10 M7 lines and 2 comparisons. There are 5 lines that are resistant or very resistant to fruit cracking and the yield potential is the same as the comparison variety, namely M7/495 Lombok 1/9-2-8 (L1), M7/495 Lombok 4/1-3-6 (L2), M7/990 Lombok 2/2-2-6 (L3), M7/495 STBGL/ 2-3-7 (S1), and M7/990 Lombok 1/9-5-8 (L4). The line that had the highest productivity was the M7/495 Kefamino 6/1-3-7 (Kf) line, but it was susceptible to fruit cracking. The M7/990 Lombok 1/9-5-8 (L4) line had the highest fruit weight and was resistant to fruit cracking. The M7/495 Lombok 4/1-3-6 (L2) line had a fruit rupture index value of 0,00%, while the M7/495 GL 2-8-10 (G) line, M7/990 STBGL/1-9 -4 (S2), M7/495 Kefamino 6/1-3-7 (Kf), M7/990 Kudamati/1-9-4 (Ku), and M7/495 Kemir/4-7-4 (Km) vulnerable against fruit cracking with the value of the fruit cracking index of 18.89-39.36%.