Ketahanan Glulam Kayu Mangium Terimpregnasi Polistirena Terhadap Serangan Rayap Tanah Melalui Uji Laboratorium

Abstract

Glulam dari kayu cepat tumbuh seperti mangium masih memiliki sifat ketahanan yang rendah terhadap serangan organisme perusak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketahanan glulam kayu mangium (Acacia mangium Wild.) yang diimpregnasi polistirena terhadap serangan rayap tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) melalui uji laboratorium. Impregnasi stirena dilakukan dengan metode vakum-tekan dan menggunakan katalis kalium peroksodisulfat. Proses polimerisasi didasarkan pada pengovenan suhu 60 °C selama 24 jam. Glulam dibuat dari tiga lapis lamina yang dilabur perekat isosianat sebanyak 280 g/m2 menggunakan single spread. Sampel uji dibedakan menjadi solid mangium, glulam kontrol, dan glulam polistirena berukuran 1,6 x 5 x 80 cm3 (tebal x lebar x panjang). Karakteristik glulam polistirena memiliki nilai rata-rata weight percent gain sebesar 22,10%, kerapatan 0,75 g/cm3 , dan kadar air 11,25%. Pengujian ketahanan kayu terhadap rayap tanah melalui uji laboratorium berdasarkan SNI 7207-2014 menghasilkan nilai rata-rata penurunan bobot solid, glulam kontrol, dan glulam polistirena berturut-turut sebesar 15,53% termasuk kelas IV (tidak tahan), 8,30% termasuk kelas III (agak tahan), dan 6,18% termasuk kelas II (tahan). Teknik glulam polistirena cukup efektif meningkatkan ketahanan kayu awal (solid) terhadap serangan rayap tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren).

Glulam from fast-growing woods such as mangium still has low resistance to attack by destructive organisms. This study aimed to analyze the glulam resistance of mangium (Acacia mangium Wild.) wood impregnated with polystyrene against subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) through laboratory tests. Styrene impregnation was carried out by vacuum-press method and using potassium peroxodisulfate as catalyst. The polymerization process is based on an oven at 60 °C for 24 hours. Glulam is made from three layers of laminate which is coated with 280 g/m2 isocyanate adhesive using a single spread. The test samples were divided into solid mangium, control glulam, and polystyrene glulam measuring 1,6 x 5 x 80 cm3 (thickness x width x length). The characteristics of polystyrene glulam have an average weight percent gain of 22,10%, a density of 0,75 g/cm3, and a moisture content of 11,25%. Testing the resistance of wood to subterranean termites through laboratory tests based on SNI 7207-2014 resulted in the average weight loss of solid, control glulam, and polystyrene glulam, respectively, including class IV (not resistant), 8,30% including class III (slightly resistant), and 6,18% including class II (resistant). The polystyrene glulam technique is quite effective of increasing the resistance of the initial (solid) wood to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren).