Bioprospeksi dan Konservasi Lontar (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) Berbasis IPTEK Masyarakat Lokal di Kabupaten Jeneponto, Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Lontar (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) merupakan flora identitas Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang ditetapkan berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri No 48 Tahun 1989. Lontar memiliki nilai sejarah, budaya, sosial yang panjang bagi Kerajaan Gowa dan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Kabupaten Jeneponto salah satu wilayah penyebaran lontar terbanyak di Sulawesi Selatan. Masyarakat Jeneponto terkhusus di Kelurahan Pabiringa telah lama memanfaatkan lontar untuk kebutuhan kesehariannya. Belum adanya dokumentasi dikhawatirkan pengetahuan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat akan hilang tergerus zaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi potensi pemanfaatan dan distribusi lontar, mengidentifikasi peran IPTEK modern saat ini dalam peningkatan nilai jual lontar di Kelurahan Pabiringa untuk mendukung IPTEK lokal masyarakat Kelurahan Pabiringa yang ada, mengidentifikasi strategi konservasi yang tepat dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Desember 2020 sampai September 2021, dengan metode wawancara, esplorasi, dan analisis vegetasi kemudian datanya dianalisis berdasarkan pada stimulus AMAR (Alamiah, Manfaat, dan Rela). Masyarakat Kelurahan Pabiringa memanfaatkan lontar hampir semua bagian kecuali akar. Produk turunan yang dibuat berupa: gula merah lontar, tuak (ballo’ kacci), tuak manis (ballo te’ne), cuka, keranjang, sarung golok, bakul, atap, dan batangnya untuk membangun rumah. IPTEK modern saat ini mendukung IPTEK lokal masyarakat yang telah ada dalam peningkatan nilai jual lontar dalam bidang pangan, farmasi, arsitektur, kerajinan tangan, dan bahan bakar. Total 29 pembuat gula yang ada tersebar di 4 lingkungan. Hasil analisis vegetasi habitat lontar ditemukan 54 jenis dari 27 famili sehingga Indeks H’ 1,80, Indeks E 0,45, dan Indeks R 6,39. Strategi yang tepat dilakukan berdasarkan analisis AMAR yaitu: edukasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, peningkatan nilai jual lontar, budidaya lontar secara berkelanjutan, intensnya penelitian lontar, serta bantuan dana yang cukup untuk semua stakeholder. Pihak yang berkepentingan pada kelestarian lontar dan kesejahteraan masyarakat yaitu: Masyarakat Pabiringa, akademika/ peneliti, pemerintah/ LSM, dan pengusaha.

Lontar (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) is the identity flora of South Sulawesi Province which was determined based on the Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 48 of 1989. Lontar has a long historical, cultural, social value for the Kingdom of Gowa and the Province of South Sulawesi. Jeneponto Regency is one of the most widely distributed lontar areas in South Sulawesi. The Jeneponto people, especially in the Pabiringa Urban Village, have long used lontar for their daily needs. The absence of documentation is feared that local knowledge owned by the community will be lost with time. This study aims to identify the potential use and distribution of lontar, to identify the current role of modern science and technology to increases the selling value of lontar in the Pabiringa Urban Village to support the local science and technology of the existing Pabiringa Urban Village community, to identify the appropriate conservation strategy to do. The study was conducted from December 2020 to September 2021, using interview, exploration, and vegetation analysis methods and then the data were analyzed based on the AMAR stimulus (Natural, Beneficial, and Willing). The people of Pabiringa Urban Village use lontar in almost all parts except the roots. The derivative products made are palm sugar, palm wine (ballo' kacci), sweet wine (ballo te'ne), vinegar, baskets, machete gloves, baskets, roofs, and stems to build houses. Modern science and technology currently supports local people's science and technology that already exists to increases the selling value of lontar in the fields of food, pharmacy, architecture, handicrafts, and fuel. A total of 29 sugar makers are spread across 4 neighbourhoods. The results of the analysis of the lontar habitat vegetation found 54 species from 27 families so that the H' index was 1.80, the E index was 0.45, and the R index was 6.39. The right strategy is carried out based on AMAR's analysis, namely: education and community empowerment, increasing the selling value of lontar, sustainable lontar cultivation, intense lontar research, and adequate financial assistance for all stakeholders. Parties with an interest in the preservation of lontar and the welfare of the community are the Pabiringa community, academics/ researchers, government/ NGOs, and entrepreneurs.