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Title: | Keragaman Karakteristik Tanah Sepanjang Transek Lahan pada Dua Formasi Geologi di Wilayah Padalarang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat |
Other Titles: | Diversity of Soil Characteristics along a Land Transect in Two Geological Formations in the Padalarang Region, West Bandung |
Authors: | Widjaja, Hermanu Suwardi Halim, Dinda Aurelia |
Issue Date: | 2022 |
Publisher: | IPB University |
Abstract: | Suatu transek lahan dapat memiliki keragaman karakteristik tanah karena
memiliki beberapa perbedaan dalam faktor pembentuk tanah, tergantung pada
komponen yang dominan dalam mempengaruhi proses pembentukkan tanah. Area
penelitian yang berlokasi di Desa Padalarang merupakan daerah yang unik dengan
kondisi geologi dan relief atau bentuk wilayah yang terbentuk dari perbukitan
vulkanik, perbukitan struktural tersier karstik, dan dataran rendah alluvial.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan keragaman karakteristik tanah pada
suatu transek lahan yang berada pada perbatasan dua formasi geologi, yaitu formasi
geologi tersier batugamping (Tomr) dan formasi kuarter vulkanik tua (Qob) di
wilayah Padalarang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Pengambilan sampel dan analisis
lapang dilakukan di empat titik yang berbeda secara toposekuen di dalam suatu jalur
transek yang dipilih berdasarkan peta kontur dan pengamatan lapang. Profil tanah
PT-1 mewakili lereng koluvial dari tebing karstik batu kapur dengan kemiringan
lereng 55%. Profil PT-2 mewakili lereng alluvial-koluvial dengan kemiringan
lereng 28%. Profil PT-3 mewakili lereng alluvial dengan lereng 3%. Profil PT-4
mewakili lereng bawah perbukitan dengan kemiringan 15%. Hasil penelitian
mendapatkan bahwa transek lahan di lokasi penelitian mempunyai variasi bahan
induk, geomorfik lahan dengan tingkat kemiringan, posisi dan proses transportasi
material bahan yang berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik tanah, klasifikasi dan
tingkat perkembangan tanah. Bahan induk tanah batugamping berpengaruh
terhadap sifat kimia tanah yang berkaitan dengan proses pelarutan batu kapur, dan
pengaruhnya terlihat pada kandungan Ca-dd dan pH tanah yang tinggi. Interaksi
berbagai faktor pembentuk tanah menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik tanah dan
tercermin dalam klasifikasi tanahnya, dimana profil tanah PT-1 pada lereng
koluvial dengan kemiringan sangat curam terbentuk tanah Lithic Eutrudept berdebu
halus, campuran, super aktif, hiperthermik, PT-2 pada lereng alluvial-koluvial di
bawahnya terbentuk tanah Inceptic Hapludalfs berlempung halus, campuran, super
aktif, hiperthermik, PT-3 pada lembah alluvial terbentuk tanah Typic Endoaquepts
berdebu halus, campuran, super aktif, hiperthermik, dan PT-4 pada kaki lereng
terbentuk tanah Aquic Eutrudepts halus, campuran, super aktif, hiperthermik.
Tingkat perkembangan tanah berdasarkan parameter diferensiasi horizon genetik,
ketebalan horizon B, perbandingan debu/klei dan rasio KTK/persen klei pada
horizon B, terlihat hampir sejalan dimana PT-2 > PT-4 > PT-3 > PT-1.
Perkembangan tanah pada profil PT-1 terhambat karena faktor erosi akibat berada
pada lereng koluvial yang sangat curam, sebaliknya profil PT-3 dan PT-4 yang
berada di lembah atau kaki lereng terhabat oleh faktor drainase tanah. A land transect can have a variety of soil characteristics because it has several differences in soil forming factors, depending on the dominant component in influencing the soil formation process. The study area, which located in Padalarang, is a unique area with geological conditions and relief that were formed from volcanic hills, karstic tertiary structural hills, and alluvial lowlands. This study aims to describe the diversity of soil characteristics on a land transect located on the border of two geological formations, namely a limestone tertiary formation (Tomr) and an old quaternary volcanic formation (Qob), in Padalarang, West Bandung Regency. Sampling and field analysis were carried out at four different toposequence sites on a transect line selected based on the contour map and field observation. Soil profile of PT-1 represents the colluvial slope of a karstic limestone cliff with a slope of 55%. PT-2 represents the alluvial-coluvial slope with a slope of 28%. PT-3 represents the alluvial slope with a slope of 3%. PT-4 represents the hill footslope with a slope of 15%. The results of the study found that the land transects of the study site had variations in parent material and land geomorphic aspects, with slope level, position, and material transportation processes that affected soil characteristics, classification and level of soil development. Soil parent material from limestone affects the chemical properties of the soil related to the dissolution process of limestone, and its effect is shown in the high Exch-Ca content and soil pH values. The interaction of various soil-forming factors causes differences in soil characteristics and it reflected in soil classification, soil profile PT-1 on colluvial with very steep slopes, is classified into Lithic Eutrudept, finesilty, mixed, super active, hyperthermic, PT-2 on alluvial-coluvial slopes, is classified into Inceptic Hapludalfs, fine-loamy, mixed, super active, hyperthermic, PT-3 on the alluvial valley is classified into Typic Endoaquepts fine-silty, mixed, super active, hyperthermic, and PT-4 on the footslope of the hill is classified into Aquic Eutrudepts fine, mixed, super active, hyperthermic. Based on the parameters of genetic horizon differentiation, B horizon thickness, silt/clay ratio and CEC/clay percent ratio in B horizon, shows the level of soil development in the same direction where PT-2 > PT-4 > PT-3 > PT-1. The soil development of PT-1 was influenced by erosion factors due to being on a very steep colluvial slopes, on the other hand PT-3 and PT-4 located in the valley or the footslope were determined by soil drainage conditions. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/111528 |
Appears in Collections: | UT - Soil Science and Land Resources |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
COVER_DINDA AURELIA HALIM (A14170063).pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 425.32 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
FULL TEXT_DINDA AURELIA HALIM (A14170063).pdf Restricted Access | Full Text | 2.85 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
LAMPIRAN_DINDA AURELIA HALIM (A14170063).pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 1.94 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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