Serangan Hama Penggerek Buah Kakao, Conopomorpha cramerella di Areal Perkebunan Kakao Rakyat, Kabupaten Bulukumba, Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK), Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting yang dapat menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas produksi biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan tingkat serangan hama PBK berkaitan dengan cara budidaya petani setempat di Kabupaten Bulukumba, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan di empat kecamatan di Kabupaten Bulukumba, yaitu Kecamatan Gantarang, Herlang, Rilau Ale, dan Ujung Loe. Kegiatan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah menghitung luas areal serangan hama PBK pada tanaman kakao di lahan percobaan, menentukan persentase serangan buah dan tingkat kerusakan biji kakao oleh serangan larva PBK yang diamati dari hasil panen buah kakao, dilanjutkan dengan wawancara petani terkait dengan pemeliharaan tanamannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas serangan hama PBK di lahan percobaan, persentase kerusakan buah kakao saat panen dan tingkat kerusakan biji kakao berturut-turut adalah tertinggi ditemukan di Kecamatan Gantarang, berturut-turut adalah 46,67%, 10,81%, dan 31,54%, dan terendah di Kecamatan Herlang sebesar 33,33%, 8,06%, dan 18,27%. Penamanan bibit klon kakao tahan hama PBK, mekanisme perawatan tanaman dengan melakukan pemangkasan cabang, sanitasi lahan, dan rutinitas waktu pemanenan setiap seminggu sekali dapat mengurangi tingkat serangan hama PBK.

Cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is one of the important pests that can reduce the quantity and quality of cocoa beans production. This study aims to determine the level of CPB pest attack related to the cultivation pattern of local farmers in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. The research was conducted in four sub-districts in Bulukumba Regency, namely Gantarang, Herlang, Rilau Ale, and Ujung Loe sub-districts. The research activity carried out was to calculate the wide area of CPB pest attack on cocoa plantations in the experimental plot, determine the percentage of fruit borer and the severity of cocoa beans by CPB larvae attack observed from cocoa pod harvest, followed by farmer interviews related with its crop maintenance. The results showed that the level of PBK pest attack in the experimental field, the percentage of damage to cocoa pods during harvest and the level of damage to cocoa beans were highest in Gantarang District, which was 46.67%, 10.81%, and 31.54%, and the lowest was in the District Herlang was 33.33%, 8.06%, and 18.27%, respectively. Planting seeds of cocoa clones that are resistant to CPB pests, plant maintenance mechanisms through branch pruning, land sanitation, and routine harvesting times once a week could reduce the level of CPB pests.