Karakterisasi Coating Pestisida Nabati Bibit Tanaman Vanili Berbahan Dasar Minyak Serai Wangi dan Parafin

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum merupakan jamur patogen yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit busuk batang pada tanaman vanili. Jamur patogen ini dapat menginfeksi tanaman vanili melalui luka atau jaringan terbuka pada bagian perakaran dan batang akibat kerusakan mekanis. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan menganalisis sifat fisik larutan coating skala in vitro dari bahan dasar minyak serai wangi dan parafin. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketebalan film, laju transmisi uap air, kelarutan film, dan kadar air film, menganalisis efektivitas bahan coating terhadap daya hambat jamur, dan memilih konsentrasi bahan utama penyusun coating yang terbaik. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan membuat larutan emulsi parafin dan dilanjutkan membuat formulasi larutan coating dengan mencampurkan bahan utama, yaitu konsentrasi minyak serai wangi (5%, 8%, 12%) dengan konsentrasi emulsi parafin (8%, 10%). Memilih konsentrasi terbaik berdasarkan ketebalan film, laju transmisi uap air, kelarutan film, dan kadar air film serta nilai pH dan pertumbuhan koloni jamur. Formulasi larutan coating yang dihasilkan yaitu S5P8, S5P10, S8P8, S8P10, S12P8, dan S12P10. S12P10 menghasilkan sifat fisik terbaik dengan ketebalan film 0,137 mm, laju tansmisi uap air 5,371 g/m².24jam, kelarutan film 8841%, dan kadar air film 26,21% serta konsentrasi minyak serai wangi 12% menghasilkan nilai pH 6,4 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan inokulum F. oxysporum pada media PDA.

Fusarium oxysporum is a pathogenic fungus that can cause stem rot disease in many important crops, including vanilla. This pathogenic fungus can infect vanilla plants through wounds or open tissue on the roots and stems due to mechanical damage. Generally this study aims to analyze the physical properties of the coating solution of in vitro based on citronella oil and parrafin as the basic ingredients. Particullary this study aims to analyze the thickness of the film, the rate of water vapor transmission, the solubility of the film, the moisture content of the film, analyze the effectiveness of the coating material on the inhibition of fungi, and selected the best concentration of the main ingredients that make up the coating. This research was started by making a paraffin emulsion solution and continued to make a coating solution formulation by mixing the main ingredients, namely the concentration of citronella oil (5%, 8%, 12%) with a paraffin emulsion concentration (8%, 10%). Selecting the best concentration based on film thickness, water vapor transmission rate, film solubility, and film moisture content as well as pH value and fungal colony growth. The resulting coating solution formulations are S5P8, S5P10, S8P8, S8P10, S12P8, and S12P10. S12P10 produced the best physical properties with a film thickness of 0,137 mm, a water vapor transmission rate of 5,371 g/m².24 hours, a film solubility of 88,41%, a film moisture content of 26,21% and a concentration of 12% citronella oil produce a pH value of 6,4 able to inhibit the growth of inoculum F. oxysporum on PDA media.