Daya Tampung Beban Nitrogen di Waduk Jatigede, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Waduk Jatigede terletak dekat dengan daerah pemukiman dan kegiatan pertanian, sehingga berpotensi menerima buangan limbah. Limbah tersebut dapat mengandung bahan pencemar seperti nitrogen. Peningkatan kadar nitrogen yang tidak terkontrol dalam perairan dapat memberikan dampak buruk, seperti menurunnya kualitas air dan memicu terjadinya eutrofikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya tampung beban nitrogen di Waduk Jatigede, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan contoh air dilakukan pada bulan Februari hingga April 2021 di perairan Waduk Jatigede pada enam stasiun pengamatan dan dua sungai utama inlet Waduk Jatigede. Analisis data yang digunakan meliputi penentuan beban nitrogen dari sungai (inlet), pendugaan beban nitrogen dalam waduk, sedimentasi nitrogen, daya tampung beban nitrogen, dan uji perbedaan konsentrasi nitrogen total pada lapisan epilimnion dan hipolimnion. Beban nitrogen di Waduk Jatigede selama pengamatan adalah 24.374 ton. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa beban nitrogen tersebut telah melebihi batas maksimum menurut baku mutu perairan sebesar 1.739 ton. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Waduk Jatigede sudah tidak mampu lagi menampung beban nitrogen yang masuk ke dalam waduk. Namun, daya tampung beban nitrogen masih dapat diestimasi berdasarkan nilai baku mutu perairan. Daya tampung beban nitrogen maksimal sesuai dengan baku mutu perairan di Waduk Jatigede adalah 595 ton/tahun.

Jatigede Reservoir is situated close to residential areas and agricultural activities, making Jatigede Reservoir has the potential to receive waste disposal. The waste may contain pollutants, one of which is nitrogen. Uncontrolled increases in nitrogen levels can cause negative impacts, such as water quality deterioration which may lead to eutrophication. The purpose of this study is to analyze the nitrogen load capacity in Jatigede Reservoir, West Java. Water samples were taken from February to April 2021 at six sampling points in the reservoir and two locations in the main inlet rivers. Data analysis consisted of nitrogen load from the river (inlet), nitrogen load in the reservoir, nitrogen sedimentation, nitrogen load capacity, and the test of difference in total nitrogen concentration at the epilimnion and hypolimnion layers. The nitrogen load in Jatigede Reservoir during the observation was 24,374 tons. It shows that the nitrogen load has exceeded the maximum limit according to the water quality standard, which is 1,739 tons. In conclusion, Jatigede Reservoir is no longer able to accommodate the nitrogen load to enter the reservoir. However, the nitrogen load capacity can still be estimated based on water quality standards. Based on water quality standards, the maximum nitrogen load capacity of Jatigede Reservoir was 595 tons N per year.