Peran MycoSilvi dan Perlakuan Silvikultur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Revegetasi pada Lahan Pascatambang Silika

Abstract

Penambangan pasir silika dilakukan secara terbuka (open pit mining). Penambangan secara terbuka menyebabkan penurunan daya dukung lahan dan kesuburan tanah. Perbaikan tanah pascatambang silika dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian MycoSilvi dan perlakuan silvikultur. MycoSilvi merupakan inokulum fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) yang diperkaya dengan Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs). Penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai berikut : 1) Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian MycoSilvi, pendangiran dan pupuk kompos dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes dan Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. ; 2) menganalisis interaksi antara pemberian MycoSilvi, pendangiran dan pupuk kompos terhadap pertumbuhan F. moluccana dan A. chinenis; 3) menganalis pengaruh perlakuan terhadap populasi Fungi FMA dan bakteri pada rizosfer F. moluccana dan A. chinenis. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah C0: kontrol, M: MycoSilvi, D: pendangiran P: pupuk kompos masing-masing dengan lima ulangan. Kombinasi perlakuan yang dibuat adalah lima perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi pemberian MycoSilvi dan perlakuan silvikultur berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan tinggi dan diameter F. moluccana. Pemberian hanya MycoSilvi (M1D0P0) pada F. moluccana berpengaruh nyata terhadap populasi bakteri tanah dan kandungan hara K sedangkan perlakuan silvikultur pada F. moluccana berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan hara N dan K. Pemberian MycoSilvi pada A. chinenis berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan tinggi, diameter dan populasi bakteri tanah. Kombinasi MycoSilvi, pendangiran dan pupuk kompos (M1D1P1) memberikan respon terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter F. moluccana serta diameter dan presentase kolonisasi mikoriza A. chinenis, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 325,20 cm, 34,50 mm serta 15,31 mm dan 46,97%. Kombinasi MycoSilvi dan perlakuan pendangiran (M1D1P0) memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi dan jumlah spora FMA A. chinenis masing-masing sebesar 144,04 cm dan 190,28 per 20 g. Selain itu, kombinasi MycoSilvi dan perlakuan pendangiran (M1D1P0) juga memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap presentase kolonisasi mikoriza F. moluccana, populasi bakteri tanah F. moluccana dan A. chinenis masing-masing sebesar 44,10%, 268,02 ×107 CFU g-1 dan 212,90 ×107 CFU g-1. Interaksi dan kombinasi yang menghasilkan respon terbaik yaitu perlakuan MycoSilvi, pendangiran dan pupuk kompos (M1D1P1) dan perlakuan MycoSilvi dan perlakuan pendangiran (M1D1P0).

Silica sand mining is done openly (open mining). Open mining causes deterioration of land carrying capacity and soil fertility. Post-silica mining soil improvement can be done by giving MycoSilvi and silvicultural treatment. MycoSilvi is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA) inoculum enriched with Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs). The aims of this study were as follows: 1) to analyze the effect of giving MycoSilvi, post planting soil tillage and compost fertilizer in increasing the growth of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes and Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. ; 2) to learn the interaction between giving MycoSilvi, post planting soil tillage and compost fertilizer to the growth of F. moluccana and A. chinenis; 3) analyzing the effect of treatment on populations of AMF and bacteria in the rhizosphere of F. moluccana and A. chinenis. The experimental design used in this study was a randomized block design (RAK). The treatments tested were C0: control, M: MycoSilvi, D: post planting soil tillage, P: compost fertilizer, with five replications each. The combination of treatments comprised was five treatments. The results showed that the interaction of giving MycoSilvi and silvicultural treatment had a significant effect on increasing the height and diameter of F. moluccana. Giving only MycoSilvi (M1D0P0) to F. moluccana had a significant effect on soil bacterial population and K nutrient content while silvicultural treatment on F. moluccana had a significant effect on N and K nutrient content. Giving MycoSilvi to A. chinenis significantly increased height, diameter and population of soil bacteria. The combination of MycoSilvi, post planting soil tillage and compost fertilizer (M1D1P1) gave the best response to the growth in height and diameter of F. moluccana as well as the diameter and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization of A. chinenis, which were respectively 325.20 cm, 34.50 mm and 15.31 mm and 46.97%. The combination of MycoSilvi and post planting soil tillage treatment (M1D1P0) gave the best results on the growth in height and number of A. chinenis AMF spores were respectively 144.04 cm and 190.28 per 20 g, respectively. In addition, the combination of MycoSilvi and post planting soil tillage treatment (M1D1P0) also gave the best results on the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization of F. moluccana, the population of soil bacteria F. moluccana and A. chinenis were respectively 44.10%, 268.02 × 107 CFU g-1 and 212.90 × 107 CFU g-1. The interactions and combinations that produced the best response were MycoSilvi treatment, post planting soil tillage treatment and compost (M1D1P1) and MycoSilvi treatment and post planting soil tillage treatment (M1D1P0).