Tingkat Pencemaran di Perairan Pantai Bojonegara, Teluk Banten Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia Perairan

Abstract

Kondisi kualitas air yang baik di suatu perairan sangat penting untuk mendukung keberlangsungan hidup organisme yang hidup di dalamnya. Penentuan status mutu suatu perairan penting dilakukan dalam menduga kondisi pencemaran suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji status mutu air dan indeks pencemaran perairan pantai Bojonegara, Teluk Banten. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Februari dan bulan Agustus-Oktober 2020 dari enam stasiun penelitian. Parameter yang dianalisis antara lain suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, kekeruhan, TSS, pH, DO, nitrat, dan fosfat total. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh dibandingkan baku mutu berdasarkan PP No 22 Tahun 2021. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan suhu (28.4-37.5oC), salinitas (0-38 ppt), kecerahan (0.05-4.7 m), kekeruhan (1.1-380 mg/l), TSS (0.7-415 mg/l), pH (6.63-8.2), DO (3.3-7.5 mg/l), nitrat (0.001-0.745 mg/l), dan fosfat total (0.001-0.377 mg/l), menunjukan bahwa sebagian parameter masih tergolong dibawah baku mutu, beberapa parameter kurang sesuai dengan baku mutu perairan (antara lain TSS, kekeruhan, nitrat, dan fosfat total). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan indeks pencemaran perairan pantai Bojonegara memiliki indeks pencemaran kategori tercemar ringan hingga sedang (2.988-7.561).

Good water quality conditions in marine environment are important to support the survival of living organism, and hence, needed to estimate the status of water pollution. Determination of water quality status is needed to do in estimating the condition of water pollution. This study aims to examine the status of the water quality and water pollution index of Bojonegara coastal waters, Banten Bay. Sampling was carried out in January February and August-October 2020 at six stations. Parameters analyzed included temperature, salinity, transparency, turbidity, TSS, pH, DO, nitrate, and total phosphate. The results were compared with the water quality standards based on Gov. Reg. No 22 of 2021. Based on the observations of temperature (28.4-37.5oC), salinity (0-38 ppt), transparency (0.05-4.7 m), turbidity (1.1 -380 mg/l), TSS ( 0.7-415 mg/l), pH (6.63-8.2), DO (3.3-7.5 mg/l), nitrate (0.001-0.745 mg/l), and total phosphate (0.001 - 0.377 mg/l), indicating that some parameters were still below the quality standard and some parameters were not in accordance with the water quality standard (including TSS, turbidity, nitrate, and total phosphate). Based on the results of the calculation of the pollution index, Bojonegara coastal waters were classified into the light to moderately polluted category (2.988-7.561).