Aplikasi Zeolite pada Bahan Gambut Terhadap Fluks CO2 dan Kemasaman Total

Abstract

Lahan gambut memiliki potensi yang besar untuk pengembangan pertanian khususnya untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit. Namun, penggunaan lahan gambut untuk usaha pertanian terkendala oleh tingkat kesuburan yang rendah dan pH yang sangat masam serta sering kali dikaitkan dengan isu peningkatan emisi CO2 diudara akibat kebakaran dan pembukaan lahan, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan lahan gambut secara tepat. Zeolite merupakan salah satu amelioran yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menjaga kelembaban tanah, meningkatkan kesuburan serta dapat mengadsorbsi gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari perbedaan pemberian dosis zeolite dan waktu inkubasi pada bahan gambut serta hubungannya terhadap fluks CO2 dan tingkat kemasaman total. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode sungkup tertutup. Pengambilan bahan gambut dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit di Pangkalan Pisang, Koto Gasib, Siak, Riau. Bahan gambut diambil secara komposit pada tutupan lahan semak dengan kedalaman 0-20cm. Bahan gambut dimasukkan ke dalam chamber dengan ukuran diameter 15cm dan tinggi 18cm. Dosis zeolit yang digunakan yaitu 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan 50% dengan lima ulangan untuk masing-masing perlakuan, sehingga terdapat 30 satuan percobaan. Kemudian dilakukan inkubasi selama tiga bulan, analisis bahan gambut dilakukan setiap bulan meliputi fluks CO2, kadar air, pH dan kemasaman total. Hasil penelitian fluks CO2 menunjukan perlakuan dosis zeolit berpengaruh nyata menurunkan nilai fluks CO2 terutama pada dosis zeolit 40% dan 50%. Nilai fluks CO2 semakin menurun seiring dengan semakin lamanya masa inkubasi, nilai fluks terendah diperoleh pada masa inkubasi bulan ke-3 dengan perlakuan dosis zeolit 50% yaitu 0,0056mg/m2/sec. Hasil penelitian kemasaman total menunjukan perlakuan dosis zeolit menyebabkan penurunan nilai kemasaman total yang nyata dengan semakin tingginya dosis zeolite yang diberikan, Nilai kemasaman total semakin menurun seiring dengan semakin lamanya masa inkubasi, nilai kemasaman total terendah diperoleh pada masa inkubasi bulan ke-3 dengan perlakuan dosis zeolit 50% yaitu 61,92cmol/kg.

Peatlands have great potential for agricultural development, especially for palm oil plantations. However, development peatlands as an agriculture activities is constrained by low soil fertility and very low pH, also often associated with the issue of increasing CO2 emission caused by fires and land clearing, so that it is necessary to manage peatlands properly. Zeolite is one of the ameliorants that can maintain soil moisture, increase soil fertility, and adsorb gas. This study aimed to study the difference of zeolite dosage application an incubation’s time to peat soil material and its relevance to CO2 flux and total acidity level. This research was conducted using the closed chamber method. Peat material was collected from a palm oil plantation in Pangkalan Pisang, Koto Gasib, Siak, Riau and was taken compositely on bushland cover with a depth of 0-20cm. Peat material was put into the chamber with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 18 cm. The doses of zeolite used were 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% with five replications for each treatment, so there were 30 experimental units. The incubation was carried out for three months, peat material analysis was carried out every month for CO2 flux, water content, pH, and total acidity. The results of the CO2 flux analysis showed that the zeolite dose treatment had a significant effect on reducing the CO2 flux, especially at 40% and 50% zeolite doses. CO2 flux decreased along with the incubation period, the lowest flux was obtained during the 3rd month of incubation with 50% zeolite dose treatment, which was 0.0056mg/m2/sec. The results of the total acidity analysis showed that the zeolite dose treatment caused a significant decrease in total acidity along with the higher zeolite doses given, the total acidity decreased along with the longer the incubation period, the lowest total acidity was obtained during the 3rd month of incubation with 50% zeolite dose treatment, which was 61.92cmol/kg.