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Title: | Pendugaan Populasi, Sebaran dan Potensi Ancaman Kuskus di PT Wijaya Sentosa, Kabupaten Teluk Wondama |
Other Titles: | The Estimation of Population, Distribution and Threat Potential of Cuscus in PT Wijaya Sentosa, Teluk Wondama Regency |
Authors: | Santoso, Nyoto Rahman, Dede Aulia Felayati, Nela Resta |
Issue Date: | 17-Dec-2021 |
Publisher: | IPB University |
Abstract: | Kuskus merupakan mamalia berkantung endemik Indonesia yang sebarannya
terbatas, dan beberapa jenis memiliki status keterancaman yang cukup tinggi
menurut IUCN Redlist. Selama ini, kajian mengenai ekologi kuskus lebih banyak
berpusat pada habitat yang dilindungi ataupun di kawasan konservasi, sehingga
penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis populasi serta menduga
sebaran, potensi dan ancaman kuskus di PT Wijaya Sentosa yang terdapat di
kawasan hutan produksinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2020-
Januari 2021, di beberapa kategori tutupan lahan di kawasan PT Wijaya Sentosa.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain studi literature dan data
sekunder, observasi lapang dengan teknik transek jalur dan kamera jebak,
wawancara dengan teknik purposive sampling.
Observasi dengan metode spotlight pada transek jalur sepanjang 1000 m dan
lebar kiri-kanan jalur sebesar100 m, dan pengulangan waktu sebanyak tiga kali
pada setiap jalur. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi jenis, jumlah individu, jenis
kelamin (jantan/betina), struktur umur (dewasa/muda/anakan), lokasi geografis
(titik koordinat), waktu perjumpaan, keberadaan, ketinggian pada strata tajuk dan
aktivitas yang dilakukan. Terdapat 10 jalur yang ditentukan secara purposive
berdasarkan data historis titik temuan dari survey awal PT Wijaya Sentosa,
informasi hasil wawancara dan katerwakilan kategori tutupan lahan. Observasi juga
dilakukan dengan kamera jebak sebanyak 10 unit yang ditempatkan pada 9 titik
lokasi potensial di ketinggian 2-5 meter dari permukaan tanah. Analisis data yang
meliputi kelimpahan relative, kepadatan, struktur populasi, dan bentuk sebaran
dilakukan untuk menduga populasi kuskus. Analisis spasial dilakukan untuk
memperoleh gambaran peta sebaran populasi kuskus. Ancaman dan potensi
ancaman terhadap populasi maupun habitat kuskus di PT Wijaya Sentosa dilakukan
secara kualitatif.
Ditemukan sebanyak sembilan individu kuskus dari empat spesies hasil
observasi langsung dengan transek jalur dan dua individu kuskus dari hasil
tangkapan kamera jebak. Kelimpahan dan kepadatan tertinggi dimiliki oleh
populasi kuskus tanah (Phalanger gymnotis) dengan nilai sebesar 44% dan 0,4
individu/Ha, sedangkan nilai terendah dimiliki oleh populasi kuskus totol biasa
(Spilocuscus maculatus) dengan nilai sebesar 11 % dan 0,05 individu/Ha. Struktur
populasi didominasi oleh jenis kelamin janta dan kelas umur dewasa, tidak
ditemukan jenis kelamin betina kelas umur muda serta anakan. Kuskus lebih
banyak dijumpai secara soliter di jalur pengamatan dan tidak ditemukan pada setiap
jalur. Bentuk pola sebaran populasi kuskus di PT Wijaya Sentosa ialah
mengelompok/agregat dengan nilai dispersion index (ID) sebesar 1,37 dan nilai
ragam sebesar 0,41 serta nilai tengah sebesar 0,3. Secara spasial kuskus tanah paling
banyak dijumpai di RKT 2018 dan sekitar RKT 2013. Potensi ancaman yang
terindetifikasi antara lain (1) potensi gangguan terhadap pohon pakan, (2) adanya
persaingan intraspesies, (3) kegiatan pemanenan yang berdampak langsung
terhadap individu kuskus, (4) gangguan terhadap pohon pakan yang kayunya
diambil pada kegiatan produksi, (5) gangguan pada homerange, (6) perburuan dan
perdagangan oleh masyarakat lokal. Cuscus is a marsupial mammal endemic to Indonesia with limited distribution, and several species have a reasonably high threat status, according to the IUCN Redlist. So far, studies on cuscus ecology have mainly focused on protected habitats or in conservation areas, so this study aims to identify and analyze populations and predict the distribution, potential and threats of cuscus in PT Wijaya Sentosa in its production forest area. We observed in November 2020- January 2021 in several land cover categories in the PT Wijaya Sentosa area. The methods used in this study include literature and secondary data studies, field observations using line-transect and camera trap techniques, interviews using purposive sampling techniques. We used the spotlight method on a 1000 m line transect with a left-right width of 100 m and three repetitions on each track. The data collected included species, the number of individuals, gender (male/female), age structure (adult /young/puppies), geographic location (coordinate points), time of encounter, presence, height in the strata of the canopy and activities carried out. Ten paths were determined purposively based on historical data from the findings from the initial survey of PT Wijaya Sentosa, information from interviews, and representation of land cover categories. Observations were also carried out with ten units of camera traps placed at nine potential locations at an altitude of 2-5 meters from the ground. Data analysis which includes relative abundance, density, population structure, and distribution form, was carried out to estimate the cuscus population. Spatial analysis was carried out to obtain a map of the distribution of the cuscus population. We carried out the qualitative analysis to determine the threats and potential threats to the cuscus population and habitat at PT Wijaya Sentosa. We found nine individuals of cuscus of four species from direct observation with line transects and two individuals of cuscus from camera traps. The highest abundance and density were owned by the soil cuscus population (Phalanger gymnotis) with values of 44% and 0.4 individuals/ha, while the lowest values were owned by the common spotted cuscus population (Spilocuscus maculatus) with values of 11% and 0.05 individuals/ha. The population structure was dominated by male sex and adult age. We found no female juvenile age and infant. Cuscus was more commonly found solitary in the line of observation and not found in every line. The shape of the distribution pattern of the cuscus population at PT Wijaya Sentosa is clustered/aggregated with a dispersion index (ID) value of 1.37 and a variance value of 0.41, and a mean value of 0.3. Spatially, the most common ground cuscus was found in the 2018 RKT and around the 2013 RKT. The identified potential threats included (1) potential disturbance to foraging trees, (2) intraspecies competition, (3) harvesting activities that directly impacted cuscus individuals, ( 4) disturbance to foraging trees whose wood is taken in production activities, (5) disturbance to the home range, (6) hunting and trade by local communities. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/110220 |
Appears in Collections: | MT - Forestry |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tesis Nela RF_E351190196_.pdf Restricted Access | Fullteks | 2.9 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
COVER.pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 752.86 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
ISI.pdf Restricted Access | Isi Tesis | 2.19 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
LAMPIRAN.pdf Restricted Access | lampiran | 1.01 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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